目的了解四川省农村改水改厕对控制腹泻病发病的效果,为腹泻病的预治提供科学依据。方法于2006年12月—2007年3、6、9月的15—30日,对四川省罗江县和丹陵县的12个行政村(每个县抽取3个乡镇,每个乡镇抽取2个行政村)改水、改厕情况和腹泻病发病情况进行调查和分析。结果抽查的1659户的供水方式均以分散式供水为主,占92.65%,集中式供水水源以地下水为主,占83.6%。卫生厕所仅有716户,占43.16%,厕所类型以沼气池厕所为主,占96.79%,非卫生厕所中以不渗漏旱厕为主,占92.79%。磨子村、龙滩村、石河村和梅湾村为改水改厕村,余家庵和明慧村为改厕未改水村,韩坝村、雄义村和田坝村为改水未改厕村,明月村、五营村和三堰村为未改水改厕村。4次共调查了20551人,有192人发生腹泻,年发病率为0.93%。改水改厕村、改水或改厕村、未改水改厕村腹泻病发病率分别为0.70%(48/6872),0.91%(77/8506)和1.30%(67/5173),3者间比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.486,P<0.01)。改水村与未改水村的腹泻病发病率[0.87%(104/12000)和1.03%(88/8551)]间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.424,P>0.05);而改厕村腹泻病发病率[0.67%(69/10250)]低改厕村[1.19%(123/10301)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.061,P<0.01)。结论改水改厕(尤其是改厕)可有效防治腹泻病的发生。 Objective To understand the effect of changing water and toilets to control diarrhea in rural areas of Sichuan Province and provide a scientific basis for the pretreatment of diarrhea. Methods From Dec. 2006 to Dec. 30-30, 2007, 12 administrative villages in Luojiang County and Danling County of Sichuan Province (three townships were sampled for each county, two for each township Administrative villages) to change the water, toilet conditions and the incidence of diarrhea investigation and analysis. Results The water supply of 1659 households was mainly distributed water supply, accounting for 92.65%. The centralized water supply was dominated by groundwater, accounting for 83.6%. There are only 716 sanitary latrines, accounting for 43.16%. The main types of latrines are digester latrines, accounting for 96.79%. Non-sanitary latrines are dominated by non-seepage dry toilets, accounting for 92.79%. Mozi Village, Longtan Village, Shihe Village and Meiwan Village for the purpose of changing the water and restroom toilets, Yujia Um and Minghui Village for restroom without changing the water village, Hanba Village and Xiongyi Village and Wadaba Village for changing water without changing the toilet, Mingyue Village, Wuyin Village and Sanyan Village have not changed the water and rescued the village. 4 times a total of 20551 people were investigated, 192 people had diarrhea, the annual incidence was 0.93%. The incidences of diarrheal diseases among water change and toilet reshuffling were 0.70% (48/6872), 0.91% (77/8506) and 1.30% (67/5173) respectively, 3 The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 11.486, P <0.01). The incidence of diarrheal diseases was not significantly different between water changed villages and non-water changed villages (χ2 = 1.424, P> 0.05), while no significant difference was found between toilets (0.87% (104/12000) and 1.03% (88/8551) The incidence of diarrheal disease [0.67% (69/10250)] was significantly lower than that of low latrine [1.19% (123/10301)], with significant difference (χ2 = 15.061, P <0.01). Conclusions Changing toilets (especially toilets) can effectively prevent and treat diarrhea.