本文概述了雪旺细胞增殖和分化两方面的研究。在周围神经发育、损伤和再生过程中，存在着增殖激活和抑制两种机制。雪旺细胞增殖受到轴突、促细胞分裂因子、膜电位、神经损伤产物等的刺激，到一定阶段，又通过负反馈机制使其增殖受到抑制，提示在雪旺细胞研究中，应注意为不同研究目的而打破或维持这种平衡，雪旺细胞分化的研究从不同层次阐述了外周神经髓鞘形成的机理以及分化受到的各方面的调节。关于生物活性物质分泌的研究，为基础理论研究和临床雪旺细胞移殖工作提供了大量的依据 This article summarizes the studies of Schwann cell proliferation and differentiation. In peripheral nerve development, injury and regeneration process, there are two mechanisms of activation and inhibition of proliferation. Schwann cell proliferation by axons, mitogen, membrane potential, nerve injury and other products to stimulate, to a certain stage, but also through the negative feedback mechanism to make its proliferation inhibited, suggesting that in Schwann cell research, should pay attention to different The purpose of the study to break or maintain this balance, Schwann cell differentiation from different levels of elucidation of the mechanism of peripheral nerve myelination and differentiation of all aspects of the regulation. The research on the secretion of bioactive substances provides a great deal of evidence for basic theoretical research and clinical Schwann cell transplantation