骨肉瘤是儿童及成人中最常见的原发性恶性骨肿瘤,进展迅速,早期即出现转移。近20年来,新辅助化疗/术后辅助化疗联合手术、放疗的应用使骨肉瘤患者的预后有了很大改善。但是那些伴有转移及复发的患者的预后依然较差。这需要进一步从分子生物学层面上认识其病因学。本文对近年来骨肉瘤病因学研究的进展作一阐述,以期为寻找新的治疗靶点提供方向。 Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adults. It progresses rapidly and metastasizes early. In the recent 20 years, the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy / adjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery and radiotherapy has greatly improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. However, the prognosis of those with metastasis and relapse is still poor. This requires further understanding of the etiology at molecular biology level. This article describes the progress of the etiology of osteosarcoma in recent years, with a view to find a new therapeutic target.