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目的探讨使用无铅汽油以来铅暴露对儿童智商影响的疾病负担。方法通过文献检索收集国内1998~2006年公开发表的儿童血铅研究论文,采用WHO环境铅疾病负担的评估方法,对推广无铅汽油后儿童血铅水平进行分析,并估评儿童铅暴露引起的轻度智力低下(MMR)的疾病负担(DALYs)。结果推广无铅汽油9年后儿童血铅水平(几何平均浓度)由8.3μg/dl下降至2.99μg/dl,下降了64%,每1000名儿童发生的MMR减少了2.08例,每1000名儿童的疾病负担损失减少了22.3DALYs。推广无铅汽油9年后,估计可以减少MMR发病656例,同时可减少因铅暴露所致MMR的疾病负担损失近7000DALYs。结论无铅汽油的推广使用可明显降低由铅暴露对儿童智力影响的疾病负担。
Objective To explore the disease burden of lead exposure on children’s IQ since using unleaded petrol. Methods The published articles about blood lead in children from 1998 to 2006 were collected through literature review. The assessment of lead burden in the environment of WHO was used to analyze the level of blood lead in children after the promotion of unleaded petrol and to evaluate the effects of lead exposure in children Mild mental retardation (MMR) burden of disease (DALYs). Results After 9 years of promotion of unleaded gasoline children’s blood lead levels (geometric mean concentration) decreased from 8.3μg / dl to 2.99μg / dl, a decrease of 64%. MMR per 1000 children decreased by 2.08 cases per 1,000 children The burden of disease burden decreased by 22.3 Dallas. Nine years after the promotion of unleaded petrol, it is estimated that 656 cases of MMR may be reduced and the loss of disease burden of MMR caused by lead exposure to nearly 7000 Dallas may be reduced. Conclusion The popularization and use of unleaded gasoline can significantly reduce the burden of disease caused by lead exposure on children’s intelligence.