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目的了解宁波市成人慢性肾脏病(CKD)患病率及相关危险因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法随机抽取宁波市18岁以上常住居民2 296人,进行CKD及相关危险因素的问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检查。经人口年龄、性别校正后计算CKD患病率,分别采用t检验及χ2检验进行计量及计数数据比较,采用logistic回归分析CKD相关危险因素。结果本次调查有效样本2 110例,经人口年龄、性别校正后,CKD总患病率9.81%,主要集中在CKD早期(82.87%),知晓率11.11%。CKD患病与年龄呈正相关(r=0.254,P=0.000);且女性的CKD患病率显著高于男性(χ2=22.618,P=0.000)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,年龄、女性、糖尿病、高尿酸血症和高血压是CKD的独立危险因素。高脂血症与体质指数与CKD的发生无关。结论宁波市成人CKD总患病率9.81%,知晓率11.11%。年龄、女性、糖尿病、高尿酸血症和高血压是CKD的独立危险因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence and related risk factors of adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Ningbo. Methods A total of 2 296 permanent residents over the age of 18 in Ningbo were randomly selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory examination of CKD and related risk factors. The prevalence of CKD was calculated after population age and sex correction. The t test and χ2 test were used to compare the measurement and count data respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CKD. Results There were 2110 valid samples of this survey. The total prevalence of CKD was 9.81% after population age and gender correction, mainly in the early stage of CKD (82.87%), with a rate of 11.11%. The prevalence of CKD was positively correlated with age (r = 0.254, P = 0.000). The prevalence of CKD in women was significantly higher than that in men (χ2 = 22.618, P = 0.000). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, women, diabetes, hyperuricemia and hypertension were independent risk factors for CKD. Hyperlipidemia and body mass index has nothing to do with the occurrence of CKD. Conclusion The overall prevalence of adult CKD in Ningbo City, 9.81%, awareness rate of 11.11%. Age, women, diabetes, hyperuricemia and hypertension are independent risk factors for CKD.