论文部分内容阅读
火星是距地球最近的行星,肉眼看上去是一颗火红色的亮星,按离太阳由近及远的顺序为第四颗行星。火星曾让人类产生过无数幻想。40多年来,前苏联、美国、日本、俄罗斯和欧洲共发起30多次火星探测计划,其中三分之二以失败告终。由于地球和火星轨道的关系,探测器的航行时间与启程时间相关,因此,存在一个最有利于发射的时间窗,它每17年才会出现一次,此时向火星发射宇宙飞船最有效。在天体引力的作用下,2003年夏季火星和地球之间的距离是5万年来最近的,两者相距仅5575万公里。这是一个“万载”难逢的历史机遇,欧美都抓住了这个最佳发射时间,抢发探测器。北京时间2004年1月4日12时35分左右,“勇气号”火星车在火星表面成功着陆。它是继6月2日欧洲宇航局第一个火星探测器“火星快车”升空之后,第二颗奔赴火星的探测器。
Mars is the nearest planet to the earth. It looks like a bright red star in the naked eye. It is the fourth planet in the order of near and far from the sun. Mars has produced countless illusions for humans. For more than 40 years, the former Soviet Union, the United States, Japan, Russia, and Europe have initiated more than 30 Mars exploration programs, of which two-thirds have failed. Because of the relationship between Earth and Mars orbit, the time of flight of the probe is related to the departure time. Therefore, there is a window of time that is most favorable to launch. It only occurs once every 17 years. At this time, launching a spacecraft to Mars is most effective. Under the effect of celestial gravity, the distance between Mars and the Earth in the summer of 2003 was the closest in 50,000 years. The distance between Mars and the Earth was only 55.75 million kilometers. This is a historical opportunity of “Million Years.” Both Europe and the United States have seized this best launch time and seized the probe. At about 12:35 on January 4, 2004, Beijing time, the Mars Rover Spirit Lander successfully landed on the surface of Mars. It is the second one to go to Mars after the first Mars Rover “Mars Express” was lifted on June 2nd.