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发生于2004年的苏门答腊—安达曼地震,因其规模巨大,并且造成了毁灭性的后果,而得到广泛的研究。研究者通过分析大量高质量的地震、大地测量和地质数据,提出很多构造模型,以进一步了解这次地震的破裂长度、持续时间、断层几何形状、破裂速度和滑动过程等信息。一些最新的模型尽管在细节上有所不同,但在大尺度特征上都是一致的,例如,沿着整个长1300～1500km的破裂区域都有明显的同震滑动。块体滑动的速度非常快,足以辐射出地震波。由于这次地震的规模很大,使用传统方法进行数据处理会面临很多困难和挑战,这也促使人们创造和发展新的分析和反演方法,如多源反演、高频体波成像,以及通过卫星观测海啸浪高和重力变化等。苏门答腊巨型逆冲断层地震是40年来发生的最大地震,也是到目前为止资料记载保存最完好的地震,但它的一些特性与其他大的俯冲带地震看起来没有根本上的不同。
The Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake, which took place in 2004, has been extensively studied for its magnitude and devastating effects. By analyzing a large number of high-quality earthquakes, geodetic data and geological data, the researchers proposed a number of structural models to further understand the earthquake’s rupture length, duration, fault geometry, rupture velocity and sliding process. Some of the newest models, while varying in detail, are consistent with large-scale features such as significant coseismic slip along the entire length of 1300-1500 km. Block sliding speed is very fast, enough to radiate seismic waves. Due to the large size of the earthquake, many difficulties and challenges with data processing using traditional methods have led to the creation and development of new analytical and inversion methods such as multi-source inversion, high-frequency bulk wave imaging, and Tsunami waves and changes in gravity through satellite observations. The Sumatran Giant Thrust Earthquake, the largest earthquake in 40 years and the best-preserved earthquake recorded to date, does not seem fundamentally different from other large subduction-zone earthquakes.