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太阳是银河系中一颗普通的恒星。根据恒星演化理论,太阳目前处于比较稳定的时期,太阳的质量、电磁辐射、热核反应和物质运动都处于相对平稳的状态。因此我们可以清楚地划分太阳的分层结构。我们把具有相对稳定分层结构的太阳称为宁静太阳。与宁静太阳相反的时候是太阳活动期。太阳活动是指发生在各个相对稳定的太阳分层结构上的扰动现象。这些扰动现象的时空尺度大小不一。时间尺度较短,空间尺度较大,释放能量较多的太阳活动称为剧烈太阳活动。太阳活动主要包括黑子、耀斑、日珥爆发和日冕物质抛射。
The sun is an ordinary star in the Milky Way. According to the theory of stellar evolution, the sun is at a relatively stable period at present, and the quality of the sun, electromagnetic radiation, thermonuclear reaction and material movement are all in a relatively steady state. So we can clearly divide the sun's layered structure. We call the sun with a relatively stable stratification structure the quiet sun. The opposite of the quiet sun is solar activity. Solar activity refers to the perturbations that occur on all relatively stable solar stratification structures. The spatiotemporal scales of these disturbances vary in size. Shorter time scales, larger space scales and more solar energy release energy are called solar activities. Solar activity mainly includes sunspots, flare, prominence and coronal mass ejection.