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辰州傩文化艺术是湘西土家族地区流传最广的古俗,三百年前就已经相当盛行,称为辰州傩,又称土家傩。辰州傩渊于荆楚,辐射于巴蜀吴越秦等地,曾一度影响中原。辰州傩是一种介于湘西古老的原始戏剧(以毛古斯为代表)与现代戏曲之间的原始戏剧形态,也是一种有着浓厚宗教色彩的地方戏剧,是戏剧进化时期遗存下来的“活化石”。辰州傩无论是形式还是内容都具有鲜明的民族特性和地域性,并具有极其厚重的艺术品格。五溪文化中的这种古俗,至今在湘西门户沅陵县境内的七甲坪乡犹存。辰州傩戏于2006年被列入我国第一批国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录。笔者拟从文化生态视野对沅陵辰州傩的传承与发展加以论述,以便这门古老的傩文化艺术能顺应社会的发展而发扬光大。
Chenzhou 傩 culture and the arts is the most widely circulated in the Tujia areas in Western Xiangu, three hundred years ago has been quite popular, known as Chenzhou 傩, also known as Tujia 傩. Chenzhou 傩 Yuan Jing Chu, radiation in Bashu Wu Yue Qin and other places, once affected the Central Plains. Chenzhou 傩 is a primitive drama formed between the ancient western original drama (represented by Maous) and modern Chinese opera. It is also a local drama with a strong religious flavor, which is preserved in the period of dramatic evolution. “Living fossils.” Chenzhou 傩 both in form and content have distinct national characteristics and geographical, and has extremely heavy artistic character. Five ancient culture in this culture, so far in Hunan Xiangling County Qijia Ping Ping still exist. Chenzhou Nuo opera in 2006 was included in China’s first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list. The writer intends to discuss the inheritance and development of Yuanzhou Chenzhou from the perspective of cultural ecology so that this ancient culture and art can flourish in line with the development of society.