Peripheral nerve injury can result in severe paralysis and dysfunction.For a long time,achieving the repair and regeneration of injured peripheral nerves has been an urgent goal in the field of medical science.Most of the recent studies on peripheral nerve repair and regeneration have concentrated on anastomosis,nerve transplantation,and artificial nerve bridging.The key factors and precise mechanism driving peripheral nerve regeneration remain poorly understood,which severely restricts the development of clinical treatments.There is an urgent need to construct effective in vitro biological models for studying peripheral nerve repair and regeneration to solve the problem of how to treat peripheral nerve injury as soon as possible and to reduce the family and social burdens caused by such diseases.