在中国近代教案及其后的义和团运动中,爱国与反侵略无论在理论上或逻辑上都应该是统一的,然而在事实上确实存在着矛盾冲突:其一是教案中人民群众所表现的爱国精神在相当大的程度上是以盲目地保卫传统文化,笼统地排斥西方文化为其特点的;其二是在教案中,人民群众基本上只反资本帝国主义而不反封建主义。这种反侵略在很大程度上是以维护封建主义、保卫地主阶级的统治权益为前提的,其结果是因为要反侵略,却又陷入盲目排外和自我禁锢。在近代中国,爱国与反侵略具有本质的 Patriotic and anti-aggression, both in theory and in logic, should be unified in the modern Chinese lesson plans and the Boxer Rebellion. However, in reality, there are indeed contradictions and conflicts. One is the patriotic manifestations of the masses in the missionary cases To a large extent, the spirit is characterized by the blind defending of traditional culture and the general exclusion of Western culture. The second is that in the lesson plan, the masses basically oppose capitalist imperialism alone instead of anti-feudalism. To a large extent, this anti-aggression presupposes the safeguarding of feudalism and the defending of the dominant rights of the landlord class. The result is the wanton anti-aggression, but it is blindly excluded and self-detained. In modern China, patriotism and anti-aggression are essential