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目的评估云南省2008年和2010年麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine,MV)补充免疫活动(Supplementary Immunization Activities,SIA)控制麻疹的效果。方法收集云南省2008年、2010年MVSIA接种、现场调查、人群抗体水平及法定传染病报告系统的麻疹疫情资料,应用描述流行病学方法评价控制效果。结果 2008年和2010年,MVSIA报告接种率分别为97.90%和98.21%;报告>90%的乡(镇)快速评估接种率>85%;人群麻疹抗体监测阳性率分别为87.22%和95.03%。MVSIA前,即2008年1～l0月,麻疹报告发病2850例,报告发病率6.314/l0万;MVSIA后,2009年同期报告发病638例,报告发病率1.404/10万:2010年报告发病86例,报告发病率0.187/l0万。至2010年末,麻疹报告发病数及报告发病率降至云南省有历史数据记录以来的最低。结论云南省2008年及2010年MVSIA效果显著。在常规免疫基础上适时开展MVSIA,能短期内迅速提高人群免疫力,有效阻断麻疹病毒的传播。但提高和巩固适龄儿童的常规免疫接种率和及时接种率,加强监测、评估、管理、督导,才是保障实现消除麻疹目标的根本途径。
Objective To evaluate the effect of Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine (MV) Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIA) on measles control in Yunnan Province in 2008 and 2010. Methods The measles epidemic data of MVSIA inoculation, field investigation, population antibody level and statutory communicable disease reporting system in Yunnan Province in 2008 and 2010 were collected. Epidemiological methods were used to evaluate the control effect. Results In 2008 and 2010, the vaccination coverage rates of MVSIA were 97.90% and 98.21% respectively. The rate of rapid assessment vaccination coverage was> 85% in 90% of villages and townships. The positive rate of measles antibody surveillance was 87.22% and 95.03% respectively. Before MVSIA, that is, from January 2008 to October 2008, 2850 cases of measles were reported, with a reported incidence of 6.314 / 100000. After MVSIA, 638 cases were reported in the same period of 2009 with a reported incidence of 1.404 / 100000: 86 cases were reported in 2010 , The reported incidence of 0.187 / l0 million. By the end of 2010, the number of reported measles cases and the reported incidence dropped to the lowest level since Yunnan recorded historical data. Conclusion The results of MVSIA in Yunnan Province in 2008 and 2010 were significant. In a timely manner on the basis of routine immunization MVSIA, can quickly improve the population immunity, effectively blocking the spread of measles virus. However, improving and consolidating the regular vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate of the children of school-age children and strengthening monitoring, assessment, management and supervision are the fundamental ways to ensure the goal of eliminating measles.