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目的了解新晃侗族自治县某学校甲型H1N1流感暴发的流行的特征,分析所采取防治措施的效果,为学校控制流感疫情提供依据,总结防控经验和教训。方法对流感暴发群体进行现场流行病学调查,用SPSS17.0分析资料,χ2检验比较小学部和初中部学生的罹患率,不同性别的罹患率。结果此次疫情累计病例57人,罹患率8.0%。首发病例时间为3月27日,发病高峰期为3月31日~4月2日;发病年龄在5~17岁;男生罹患率为7.6%,女生罹患率为8.5%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);小学部甲型H1N1流感罹患率高于初中部,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。送检的14份咽试子标本,12份标本甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测阳性。结论此次是由甲型H1N1流感病毒引起的暴发疫情,经采取及时反映、准确定性;分类管理、科学处置病人;健康教育等各项综合措施,有效地控制了疫情的发展。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks in a school in Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County, analyze the effects of prevention and control measures taken, and provide evidences for the school to control the outbreak of influenza and summarize the prevention and control experiences and lessons learned. Methods Epidemiological survey of influenza outbreaks were conducted in the population. SPSS17.0 was used to analyze the data. The χ2 test was used to compare the attack rates among the primary and junior high school students and the prevalence of different sexes. Results The cumulative epidemic situation 57 people, the attack rate of 8.0%. The first case was on March 27, the peak incidence was March 31 to April 2; the age of onset was 5 to 17 years old; the incidence rate of males was 7.6% and that of girls was 8.5%, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The prevalence of influenza A (H1N1) in primary school was higher than that in lower middle school (P <0.05). Sent for the 14 pharyngeal specimens, 12 samples of influenza A (H1N1) virus nucleic acid test positive. Conclusions This outbreak was caused by the influenza A (H1N1) virus outbreak. It has been timely taken into account and accurately characterized. Classified management, scientific treatment of patients, health education and other comprehensive measures have effectively controlled the development of the epidemic.