绿色壁垒又称绿色贸易壁垒、环境壁垒或生态壁垒,它是指以保护有限资源、环境和人类以及动植物健康为名义,通过蓄意制定一系列苛求的环保标准,对来自国外的进口商品或服务加以限制,而制定的这些标准往往高于国际公认的环保标准。作为是技术性贸易壁垒的一种形式,这种新的贸易保护措施可以有效地阻止国外,特别是环保意识差、技术落后的发展中国家的产品的进入。随着环境对贸易影响的不断扩大,绿色壁垒将成为中国一系列产品出口的重大障碍,我国每年出口到美国、西欧、日本的鸡肉、猪肉、兔肉、鳗鱼、蜂蜜、茶叶和蔬菜等农畜产品受到绿色壁垒封杀,累累遭禁、被扣、退货、销毁和索赔、终止合同,损失惨重。因此,对于经济基础相对落后、劳动密集型产业较多、环保形势严峻的中国,如何应对绿色壁垒无疑是一个值得研究的课题。 Green barriers, also known as green trade barriers, environmental barriers, or ecological barriers, refer to the deliberate development of a series of demanding environmental protection standards in the name of protecting limited resources, the environment, humans, and the health of plants and animals, and import goods or services from abroad. Restrictions are made and these standards are often set higher than internationally recognized environmental standards. As a form of technical trade barriers, this new type of trade protection measures can effectively prevent the entry of foreign products, especially those in developing countries with poor environmental awareness and technological backwardness. With the continuous expansion of the environmental impact on trade, green barriers will become a major obstacle to the export of a series of products in China. Each year, China exports to the United States, Western Europe, Japan, chicken, pork, rabbit meat, eel, honey, tea and vegetables and other agricultural animals. The products were banned by green barriers, and were heavily imprisoned, detained, returned, destroyed, and claimed and terminated. Therefore, for China, which has a relatively backward economic base, many labor-intensive industries, and severe environmental protection, how to deal with green barriers is undoubtedly a subject worthy of study.