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1.当前力学发展的最重要的趋势,是力学的研究对象迅猛增加,从而大大扩展和加深了力学同其他自然科学的密切联系。发生这一趋势的原因:1) 以前主要用描述和定性方法来进行研究的那些非生物和生物的对象以及其中发生的过程,用数学和力学的方法来进行研究的可能性增加了;2) 运动介质和力场的性质复杂了,表征介质特性的参数(速度、应力、形变、比能等)的范围扩大了;3) 许多工程技术领域复杂了,要求更高了,需要用比以前更精确的方法来计算有关工艺过程,计算结构物和工艺设备的构件之间或它们与其他物体及周围介质之间的相互作用。
1. The most important trend in current mechanics development is the rapid increase in the research objects of mechanics, which greatly expands and deepens the close connection between mechanics and other natural sciences. The reasons for this trend are: 1) The possibility of conducting research using mathematical and mechanistic methods has increased for those non-biological and biological objects and processes occurring in the past which were mainly described using descriptive and qualitative methods; and 2) The nature of the moving medium and the force field is complex, and the range of parameters (velocity, stress, deformation, specific energy, etc.) characterizing the medium is expanded; 3) many engineering fields are complex and require more and require more The exact way to calculate the interaction between the process, the calculation of the structure and the components of the process equipment or their interaction with other objects and the surrounding medium.