清末民初,新学教育将地方教育机构置于政府系统管理范围之内,使原来地方社区的文化传承变为超地方的“国家事业”。而地方的旧学教育势力却并非心甘情愿退出历史舞台,这样就在国家与地方之间展开了一场以对教育阵地的争夺为中心的权力较量。在这场文化与权力的竞争中,尽管乡间新学始终没能战胜强大的私塾组织,但是传统私塾在新学教育制度的冲击和熏陶下渐渐流露出趋新的气象,二者并存、相融形成了中国近代以来非新非旧、亦新亦旧的乡村教育模式。 At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the new educational system placed local educational institutions within the scope of government system management and transformed the cultural inheritance of local communities into a “national undertaking” beyond local boundaries. However, the old educational forces in localities are not willing to withdraw from the stage of history, thus starting a contest of power between the state and the place centering on the battle over education positions. In this competition between culture and power, although the rural new school has failed to defeat the strong private school, but the traditional private school under the influence of the new school education system gradually revealed a new climate, the two coexist, blending Formed a new rural education model that is neither new nor old nor new nor old in China since modern times.