朱子“中和旧说”关于本体与工夫的见解经历了五层发展:一是学延平静坐求中而不得;二是自悟性体心用,学南轩省察识仁;三是因南轩“二物”之评,更以“一念已具体用”;四是定型“中和旧说”;五是因工夫无下手处,遂整体怀疑反思“旧说”。此五层见解有三大问题:一是无关“中和”本旨,故造成本体、工夫皆误;二是在本体上混两种体用而不知,故不能明确界定未发之中;三是在工夫上缺失涵养一节,故不能抵达“未发之中”。 Zhu Zi “and the old saying ” on the ontology and work experience has experienced five layers of development: First, learn to sit quietly but not; Second, self-understanding physical and psychological use, Xuan “” two things “of the review, but also to” one idea has been specifically used “; four is stereotypes” and the old saying “; five due to work without a license, then the overall suspicion of reflection ”. This five-story view has three major issues: First, nothing to do, “and in the” purpose, so cause the body, time is wrong; second body mixing two bodies without knowledge, it can not be clearly defined; It is a loss of time on the conservation section, it can not be reached “unspoken ”.