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胚胎(胎儿)发育是遗传信息和环境因素相互作用的编程过程。表观遗传是指由非DNA序列改变引起的、可遗传的基因表达水平的改变,它主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、RNA调控和染色质重塑等现象。表观遗传通过调控基因表达参与发育编程,如早期发育重编程、基因组印记、X染色体失活和组织分化等事件。当胚胎(胎儿)发育编程受到了饮食或环境因素的影响,表观遗传修饰可发生改变,从而影响其表型,甚至增加成年疾病的易感性。
Embryo (fetal) development is the programming process of the interaction between genetic information and environmental factors. Epigenetic refers to the change of gene expression level caused by the change of non-DNA sequence. It mainly includes the phenomenon of DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA regulation and chromatin remodeling. Epigenetics is involved in developmental programming by regulating gene expression such as early developmental reprogramming, genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, and tissue differentiation. When embryonic (fetal) developmental programming is affected by dietary or environmental factors, epigenetic modifications may change, affecting their phenotype and even increasing susceptibility to adult disease.