论文部分内容阅读
海洋保护区作为一种预防性的海洋综合管理工具,正在逐渐成为沿海各国应对海洋环境污染、生物多样性丧失、资源衰退及生境丧失等海洋生态系统压力的重要手段。海洋保护区发展具有生态及社会环境双重目的,其社会经济价值是决定海洋保护区成败的关键因素,也是海洋保护区研究的重点内容之一。无论是实证研究结果,还是理论模型都证明了海洋保护区的生态价值,但其渔业及游憩业等经济价值却依然存在争议。通过对现有的海洋保护区相关研究文献进行综合分析,发现海洋保护区具有长期的渔业及游憩价值,但也存在短期的渔业机会成本。由于实证分析的困难,现有的多数海洋保护区相关经济学研究都建立在种群生物学模型基础上,包括集合种群模型、空间经济学模型、确定性模型及随机模型等多种生物经济学理论模型,其中多数理论模型研究结果证明了海洋保护区的经济价值,但具有较高的变化性及不确定性。
As a preventive IMCM, MPAs are gradually becoming an important means for coastal States to cope with the pressures of marine ecosystems such as marine pollution, biodiversity loss, resource depletion and habitat loss. The development of marine protected areas has the dual purpose of ecological and social environment. Its social and economic value is the key factor that determines the success or failure of a marine protected area. It is also one of the key contents of the research on marine protected areas. Both the empirical results and the theoretical models prove the ecological value of MPAs, but economic values such as fishery and recreation still remain controversial. Through a comprehensive analysis of the existing research literature on marine protected areas, it is found that marine protected areas have long-term fishery and recreational value, but short-term fishery opportunity costs also exist. Due to the difficulty of the empirical analysis, most of the current marine economics research related to MPAs are based on the biological models of populations, including a variety of bioeconomics theories such as collective population model, space economics model, deterministic model and stochastic model Model, the results of most theoretical models prove the economic value of MPAs, but they have high variability and uncertainty.