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选用低产氮低效型、高产氮中效型和高产氮高效型具有代表性的6个粳稻品种,在各基因型各自最适氮素水平下,研究了茎秆力学特性、物理特性和化学成分含量的差异及其与氮效率的关系。结果表明:(1)较之低产类型品种,高产类型品种茎秆基部N1节间变短、N6节间变长,株高有所增加;茎粗、茎壁厚、茎鞘干重均极显著增加;茎鞘的K、Si含量极显著增加,N含量显著降低。由于茎秆物理性状的改善及化学成分的差异导致茎秆综合抗折力明显提高,倒伏指数降低。(2)同为高生产力类型品种,因氮效率的差异茎秆形态生理特征表现不同。较之高产氮中效类型,高产氮高效类型水稻品种茎秆N4、N5节间变长;茎秆粗度略有降低,但茎壁厚增加,表现茎秆干重增加,充实度加强;茎鞘的K含量无明显变化,但Si含量显著降低,N含量也呈降低趋势。对于高产品种,适当增加N4、N5节间长度以改善叶片配置,适当降低茎粗而提高壁厚和充实度以保证茎秆抗折力和输导能力,适当降低茎鞘Si含量以促进氮素的转移,有利于进一步提高氮肥利用率。
Six representative japonica rice cultivars with low yield of nitrogen, low yield of nitrogen, high yield of nitrogen and high yield of nitrogen were selected to study the mechanical properties, physical properties and chemical composition of stem under the optimum nitrogen level of each genotype Content Difference and Its Relationship with Nitrogen Efficiency. The results showed that: (1) Compared with low-yielding varieties, the N1 internode of the high-yielding varieties was shortened and the N6 internode became longer and the plant height increased. The stem diameter, stem thickness, Increase; K, Si content of stems and sheaths increased significantly, N content decreased significantly. Due to the improvement of physical properties of stalks and the difference of chemical composition, the comprehensive resistance of stalks increased obviously and the lodging index decreased. (2) The same type of high productivity, different morphological and physiological characteristics of stems due to differences in nitrogen efficiency. Compared with the high-efficiency nitrogen-producing types, the N4 and N5 internodes of high nitrogen and high efficiency rice varieties became longer; the stem thickness decreased slightly, but the stem thickness increased, which indicated the increase of dry weight and firmness of stem; There was no significant change in the K content of the sheath, but the Si content decreased significantly and the N content also decreased. For the high-yielding varieties, the length of N4 and N5 internodes should be increased properly to improve the blade configuration, the stem diameter should be decreased and the wall thickness and filling degree should be increased properly to ensure the stems’ The transfer is conducive to further improve nitrogen utilization.