序言本文的标题在不久前,确切地说也不过是在八、九年前,曾被人们认为是离奇的。这一概念之所以形成,是由于人们把“自然保护”这个词领会成为对自然资源原封不动地保存和维持的同义词。由此产生了一个不自觉的结论:自然资源不参予经济周转,因此也谈不上什么经济效果。经济效果只能在对自然资源开发和使用过程中才会产生。根据马克思的观点,自然界与人类劳动一样,都是社会财富的主要源泉。在自然界与劳动之间,不仅在生产过程中有直接的联系性,而且具有重要的 Preamble The title of this article was considered odd by people not long ago or, to be exact, eight or nine years ago. This concept has been formed because people have come to understand the word “nature conservation” as synonymous with the preservation and maintenance of natural resources intact. This leads to an unconscious conclusion: Natural resources do not participate in economic turnover, so there is no economic effect. Economic effects can only occur during the development and use of natural resources. According to Marx, nature, like human labor, is the main source of social wealth. Between nature and labor, not only in the production process has a direct connection, but also has important