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文学既不是模仿真实,也不是创造真实。这种整体性判断方式是错误的。我们不能将真实与文学对立起来进行整体性判断,而应该把真实放在文学的不同类型中进行实际考察。在不同的文学类型中,真实占有不同的成分,只有在极度强调现实性的文学类型中,真实才具有支配性地位,而在虚构性的文学类型中,真实的地位变得相对不重要。从类型中的真实的角度来考察,真实是文学的一种伴随因素,它与其他伴随因素一样,执行对文学的解释功能。这种思路的关键之处在于,将真实从文学所要面对的实际存在转变为文学的解释功能。
Literature neither imitates reality, nor does it create reality. This holistic approach to judgment is wrong. Instead of confronting reality with literature, we can not make a holistic judgment. Instead, we should place reality in the different types of literature for practical investigation. In different literary genres, the reality possesses different components. Only in literary genres, which emphasize the reality of reality, has its dominant position. In the fictional literary genre, the true status becomes relatively unimportant. Examining from the real point of view of type, truth is a companion to literature, and, like other adjunct elements, it performs its function of interpreting literature. The key point of this kind of thinking lies in transforming reality from the actual existence that literature faces to the literary explanation function.