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针对寒冷气候条件下大型垂直轴风力机叶片翼型前缘结冰问题,提出一种新的叶片防冰、除冰方法 -气膜加热法。通过在风力机叶片翼型前缘开设气膜孔,并对三维静叶片进行数值模拟研究,观察其成膜情况,从而确定孔径和孔间距大小。将设置好孔径、孔间距的三维风轮进行变工况非稳态数值模拟,通过分析三维风轮气动特性,确定最佳运行工况,并观察该工况下不同时刻叶片表面成膜情况。最后,运用相似理论,对按同比例缩小的原型机进行试验分析,将模拟结果与试验研究进行对比,发现两者平均转矩随尖速比变化趋势基本一致。说明开孔翼型不但能起到很好的防冰、除冰作用,而且适当开孔后叶片气动性能变化不大。
Aiming at the problem of icing of the leading edge of a large vertical axis wind turbine blade in cold climates, a new method of anti-icing and de-icing of blades was proposed. Through the opening of the airfoil in the leading edge of the airfoil of the wind turbine blade, the 3D static vane was numerically simulated and the film formation was observed to determine the size of the hole and the hole spacing. The three-dimensional rotor with aperture and hole spacing was set up for unsteady numerical simulation. The aerodynamic characteristics of the three-dimensional rotor were analyzed to determine the optimal operating conditions and the film formation on the surface of the blade at different times was observed. Finally, the similar theory is used to test and analyze the prototype with the same reduction ratio. The simulation results are compared with the experimental studies. It is found that the average torque of the two models is basically consistent with the change of the tip speed ratio. It shows that the perforated airfoil can not only play a good role in anti-icing and deicing, but also have little change in the aerodynamic performance of the blade after being properly perforated.