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防范和化解保险道德风险可以从产品设计、承保、防灾防损、理赔等多方面着手。道德风险表现形式和实施手段的多样化是由其诱发因素的多重性决定的,如信息不对称、合同后机会主义的存在、投保人期望效用的最大化导致逆选择等。保险人可以通过以若干变量适应不同风险类型的投保人、增加过错推定奈款、约定损害赔偿、有效运用免赔务款、完善保险合同奖惩系统和启用共保条款等产品设计环节对保险合同的特殊安排,来从源头上有效遏制和防范道德风险。
Prevent and resolve insurance moral hazard can be from product design, underwriting, disaster prevention and loss prevention, claims and other aspects. The diversification of the forms of moral hazard and the means of implementation is determined by the multiple factors that induce them, such as the asymmetric information, the existence of post-contract opportunism, the insufficiency of the applicant’s expectation of utility and the adverse selection. The insurer can adjust the insurance contract by referring to the policyholders of different types of risk with certain variables, increasing the amount of faulty deduction, agreeing damages, using exemption of debts effectively, improving the insurance contract rewards and punishment system, Special arrangements to effectively curb and prevent moral hazard from the source.