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本文利用世界投入产出表(WIOD)基于附加值贸易框架,测算了1995-2011年中国服务业整体及不同要素密集度类型服务业进口的国别(地区)结构,并与传统总值核算方法进行了对比分析,且考察了不同国家(地区)服务业附加值贸易与服务贸易及货物贸易的关系。研究结果显示:(1)中国服务业进口来源国是以美日为主的发达国家,不同类型服务业的进口来源国差异较大,且两种核算方式下发达国家内部结构和不同类型服务业进口来源国结构均存在着显著差异;(2)总体而言,通过货物进口引致的间接服务附加值进口要略大于通过服务进口带来直接服务附加值进口;劳动密集型和资本密集型服务业附加值进口主要通过货物进口间接实现,而知识技术密集型服务业进口主要通过服务进口直接实现。对此,中国应发挥政府的引导作用,通过扶持知识技术密集型先进制造业和扩大制造企业的服务需求来加大服务进口溢出效应的扩散力度,并通过扩大进口服务类型和货物服务进口来源国来适当扩大服务进口复杂度和货物进口复杂度,促进中国制造业转型升级和全球竞争力的提高。
Based on the value-added trade framework, WIOD estimates the country (region) structure of service imports in China’s service industry as a whole and in different factor-intensive types from 1995 to 2011, and compares it with the traditional total value accounting method Conducted a comparative analysis, and examined the different countries (regions) service industry value-added trade and service trade and trade relations. The results show that: (1) The source country of service import in China is developed countries which are dominated by the United States and Japan. Different types of service industries have different sources of imports, and the internal structure of developed countries and different types of service industries under the two accounting methods (2) In general, imports of value added by indirect services resulting from imports of goods are slightly larger than direct imports of services through value added imports; labor-intensive and capital-intensive services additions Import value mainly through indirect imports of goods, and knowledge-intensive services imports mainly through service imports directly. In response, China should play a leading role in government by increasing the diffusion of service import spillover effects by supporting knowledge-technology-intensive and advanced manufacturing industries and expanding the service demand of manufacturing enterprises, and by expanding the scope of import services and importing goods and services to countries of origin To appropriately expand the import complexity of services and the complexity of import of goods so as to promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry and the enhancement of global competitiveness.