移民政策改革已经成为美国政府最为重要的国内议题之一,也是2016年总统大选的重要议题。此次改革的一大特点是州政府和联邦政府的移民立法权之争。移民立法权之争与美国境内日益加剧的非法移民问题密切相关,并呈现出愈演愈烈的特点。经济因素是影响移民立法权之争的最重要因素,政党立场分化加剧立法权之争,全面移民政策改革失败则是这一问题的催化剂。移民立法权之争反映出美国国内央地关系已经成为当前移民政策改革不可忽视的内容。如果全面移民政策改革不能有效解决这一问题,移民立法权之争将长期困扰美国社会。 Immigration policy reform has become one of the most important domestic issues for the U.S. government and an important issue for the 2016 presidential election. A major feature of this reform is the dispute between the state and federal governments on immigration legislation. The dispute over the legislative rights of immigrants is closely related to the issue of the growing number of illegal immigrants in the United States and has become increasingly fierce. Economic factors are the most important factors affecting the dispute over the legislative power of immigrants. The polarization of political parties’ positions aggravates the controversy over the legislative power. The failure of the comprehensive immigration policy reform is the catalyst for this issue. The dispute over the legislative rights of immigrants reflects that the relationship between the central and the United States in the United States has become an indispensable element in the current reform of immigration policies. If the comprehensive resettlement policy reform can not effectively solve this problem, the dispute over the legislative rights of immigrants will long plague U.S. society.