目的　探讨视网膜神经细胞培养的上清液对胚胎干细胞 (embryonic stem cells,ES)体外分化的诱导作用。　方法　收集 SD大鼠视网膜神经细胞培养上清液 ,抽滤后按 2∶ 3比例与 DMEM培养液混合 ,用该混合液进行 ES细胞的诱导分化 ,每天倒置相差显微镜观察 ES细胞的生长及分化情况 ,对诱导分化后的细胞进行神经丝蛋白 (nellcofilamentprotein,NFP)免疫组织化学检查。　结果　加入了视网膜神经细胞培养上清液的 ES细胞生长出类似神经细胞突起样结构 ,NFP免疫组织化学染色阳性。　结论　 SD大鼠视网膜神经细胞培养的上清液具有诱导 ES细胞向神经细胞分化的作用。 Objective To investigate the induction of embryonic stem cells (ES) in vitro by supernatant of retinal nerve cell culture. Methods SD rat retinal neurons culture supernatants were collected, filtered and mixed with DMEM culture medium at a ratio of 2: 3. The ES cells were induced and differentiated with this mixture. The growth and differentiation of ES cells were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope , And the differentiated cells were subjected to immunohistochemical examination of nellcofilament protein (NFP). Results ES cells cultured in retinal nerve cell culture supernatant grew into neurite outgrowth-like structures, and NFP immunohistochemical staining was positive. Conclusion The supernatant of cultured rat retinal nerve cells can induce the differentiation of ES cells into neurons.