毛泽东基于农民在中国革命和建设中的战略地位和农民的阶级局限性,提出严重的问题是教育农民,农民教育应根据农村的特点、农民的需要和自愿采取适宜的内容和形式。但社会主义时期侧重从思想教育和走集体化道路两方面对农民进行社会主义改造,而忽视了生产力对农民的教育和改造所具有的决定性作用。他在农民教育和思想改造问题上的理论贡献和失误,对于当前正确认识和开展社会主义新农村建设中的农民教育工作,具有重要的借鉴意义和参考价值。 Based on the peasants 'strategic position in the Chinese revolution and construction and the class limitations of peasants, Mao Zedong put forward a serious problem of educating peasants. Peasant education should adopt suitable contents and forms according to the characteristics of rural areas, peasants' needs and voluntarily. However, during the socialist period, it focused on the socialist transformation of peasants from the ideological education and the road of collectivization, and neglected the decisive role played by the productive forces in educating and reforming peasants. His theoretical contributions and mistakes in peasant education and ideological reformation have important reference and reference value for correctly understanding and carrying out farmer education in the new socialist countryside construction.