In terms of the investigation of Dilthey’s concept of Geistwissenschaften (the science of mind) and the difference between Geistwissenschaften and natural sciences, the author points out the immanent contradictory of Dilthey’s philosophical thinking on one hand, and affirms his significance for keeping the independence of human studies on the other hand. Finally the author emphasizes Dilthey’s influence upon the modern Western philosophy, especially phenomenology. $$$$ In terms of the investigation of Dilthey’s concept of Geistwissenschaften (the science of mind) and the difference between Geistwissenschaften and natural sciences, the author points out the immanent contradictory of Dilthey’s philosophical thinking on one hand, and affirms his significance for keeping the independence of human studies on the other hand. Finally the author emphasizes Dilthey’s influence upon the modern Western philosophy, especially phenomenology. $$$$