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【摘要】 目的:研究血管內皮生长因子C(VEGFC)基因单核苷酸多态性位点rs17697515与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病风险的相关性。方法:选择2015年5月-2018年4月于深圳市罗湖区人民医院妇产科就诊的224例孕妇为研究对象,其中GDM孕妇106例(GDM组),健康孕妇118例(对照组)。分别收集两组孕妇的相关临床资料及实验室检测结果。检查两组孕妇身体质量指数(BMI),检测相关生化指标、计算出胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)。利用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)技术,对两组孕妇VEGFC基因rs17697515位点进行基因分型,比较两组的基因型和等位基因频率,分析rs17697515多态位点与糖、脂代谢及相关临床指标之间的关系。结果:与对照组孕妇相比,GDM组孕妇的空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素抵抗水平(HOMA-IR)、空腹血清胰岛素(FIN)、甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)浓度均显著升高(P<0.05);而胰岛β细胞功能指数(HCMA-β)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)的浓度均显著降低(P<0.05)。GDM组CC基因型频率为50.94%,显著高于对照组的34.75%(P<0.05)。利用Logistic多因素分析显示,VEGFC基因rs17697515位点CC基因型与GDM密切相关(RR=18.306,P=0.013)。CC基因型的BMI、FIN、FBG、HOMA-IR、TC、LDL-C及TG均高于CT和TT基因型(P<0.05);而CC基因型的HCMA-β和HDL-C均低于CT和TT基因型(P<0.05)。结论:VEGFC基因rs17697515位点CC基因型可能作为GDM的易感基因,在GDM发生发展过程中起作用,且与胰岛功能异常、脂肪代谢异常以及肥胖有关。VEGFC基因rs17697515位点多态性研究有助于揭示脂代谢异常、胰岛素抵抗与GDM发病的关系。
【关键词】 妊娠期糖尿病 VEGFC基因 基因多态性 rs17697515位点
[Abstract] Objective: To study the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) gene rs17697515 and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: A total of 224 pregnant women admitted to the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital from May 2015 to April 2018 were selected as subjects. There were 106 GDM pregnant women (GDM group) and 118 healthy pregnant women (control group). Clinical data and laboratory test results of pregnant women in the two groups were collected respectively. The body mass index (BMI) of pregnant women in the two groups was checked, relevant biochemical indicators were detected, and the HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were calculated. Restriction fragment length polymorphic polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype VEGFC gene rs17697515 in two groups of pregnant women and compare their genotypes and allele frequencies. The relationship between rs17697515 polymorphism and glucose, lipid metabolism and related clinical indicators was analyzed. Result: Compared with the control group, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HOMA-IR, fasting serum insulin (FIN), triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in the GDM group were significantly increased (P<0.05); HCMA-β and concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). CC genotype frequency in GDM group was 50.94%, significantly higher than 34.75% in control group (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that CC genotype at rs17697515 of VEGFC gene was closely related to GDM (RR=18.306, P=0.013). The BMI, FIN, FBG, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C and TG of CC genotypes were all higher than those of CT and TT genotypes (P<0.05). However, the HCMA-β and HDL-C of CC genotype were both lower than that of CT and TT genotype (P<0.05). Conclusion: The VEGF gene rs17697515 site CC genotype may be a susceptibility gene of GDM, which plays a role in the development of GDM and is associated with islet dysfunction, abnormal fat metabolism and obesity. The VEGF176 gene rs17697515 polymorphism study helps to reveal the relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of GDM. [Key words] Gestational diabetes mellitus VEGFC gene Gene polymorphism rs17697515 locus
First-author’s address: Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.35.012
妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)是較为常见的一种妊娠期合并症,属于糖尿病的一种特殊类型,伴明显的代谢改变。GDM属高危妊娠,大大地增加了母体、胎儿及新生儿不良结局发生风险[1]。因此,对疑有GDM的孕妇进行早期筛查、诊断和治疗显得十分重要。有研究表明,GDM与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)病理学和遗传特征相似[2]。GDM亦为一种多基因相关的疾病,而且某些单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与GDM的发生、发展密切相关[3],但其易感基因尚未完全确。血管内皮生长因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor C,VEGFC)属于血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)家族的成员。有研究发现,VEGFC在糖尿病尤其是T2DM中发挥重要作用。VEGFC表达异常导致糖尿病视网膜血管功能障碍[4]。在对澳洲人群的研究中,发现VEGFC基因的SNP rs17697419、rs17697515和rs2333526位点均对糖尿病性视网膜病变产生影响,而rs17697515对与T2DM的发病明显相关[5]。但目前国内外有关VEGFC基因SNP与GDM相关性的研究尚属空白。因此,本研究探讨了VEGFC基因rs17697515位点与GDM发病的关联性,从而研究GDM的发病机制。现将研究结果报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 随机选取2015年5月-2018年4月于深圳市罗湖区人民医院正规产检的孕妇224例,其中健康孕妇(对照组)118例,GDM孕妇(GDM组)106例。GDM诊断标准:参考2014年版妇产科学的GDM诊断标准,受检孕妇于孕24~28周进行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。75 g OGTT正常值:空腹和口服葡萄糖75 g后1、2 h血糖值分别小于5.1、10.0、8.5 mmol/L;任何一点血糖值达到或超过上述标准即诊断为妊娠期糖尿病。记录测量身高、体质量、血压,计算身体质量指数(BMI)等。(1)纳入标准:①孕前无糖尿病史,符合GDM诊断标准;②孕周24~32周,年龄18~42岁。(2)排除标准:①合并严重妇科疾病、消化系统疾病或内分泌系统疾病;②有流产史,有高血压、癌症史、多胞胎者、前置胎盘、先兆流产等。受试者同意,并签署入研究知情同意书。该研究已经深圳市罗湖区人民医院伦理学委员会批准。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 采集血样标本 采集空腹8 h以上外周静脉血各4、8 mL,均分别采用EDTA抗凝,置于-20 ℃条件下保存、备用。
1.2.2 生化指标检测 空腹血清胰岛素(fasting insulin,FIN)、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)及脂代谢相关指标,如总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平。计算胰岛素抵抗水平(homeostasis model assessment,HOMA-IR)采用(HOMA-IR=FBG×FIN/22.5)稳态模型进行评估。采用水银血压计检测收缩压(SBP)与舒张压(DBP)。胰岛β细胞功能指数[HOMA-β=20×FIN/(FBG-3.5)]。
1.2.3 外周血DNA提取 采用QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit(Cat No./ID:51104)试剂盒,根据说明书具体操作从4 mL置于EDTA管的血样标本中提取外周血白细胞基因组DNA。利用Nanodrop 2000(Thermo)对DNA样浓度及质量进行检测,A260/A280控制在1.8~2.2,-80 ℃长期保存,使用前将DNA浓度用无酶水调节到20 ng/μL,-20 ℃保存。
1.2.4 VEGFC基因rs17697515(C>T)多态性基因型检测 从NCBI基因数据库中获得VEGFC全部基因信息,应用DNAstar Lasergene(7.1.0)结合VEGFC基因rs17697515多态性位点的特点设计上下游引物,引物由上海生工程有限公司合成,上游引物序列:5’-TAT GTG CTG GAA GAA TGT TGA GTT ACA-3’,引物长度27 bp,TM值为56.1 ℃;下游引物序列:5’-TGT TCA AGC TGC ATT TTG GTT GC-3’,引物长度23 bp,TM值为58.8 ℃。PCR反应体系为:2×PCR预混合溶液10 μL,SNP基因分型试剂0.5 μL,基因组DNA 1 μL(20 ng/μL),上下游引物各1 μL,6.5 μL dd H2O,共计20 μL。PCR反应条件为:95 ℃预变性3 min,然后95 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环,最后72 ℃延伸3 min。应用Sanger测序对纯化后的DNA片段进行测序分型,应用Genemapper对结果进行分析。 1.3 观察指标 (1)比较两组的一般资料及实验室檢测结果。(2)比较两组VEGFC基因rs17697515(C>T)多态性基因型分布频率,C基因的频率=C基因总数/(C基因总数+T基因总数)=(2×CC+CT)/(2×样本量),T基因的频率=T基因总数/(T基因总数+C基因总数)=(2×TT+CT)/(2×样本量)。(3)GDM孕妇VEGFC的rs17697515位点各个基因型与生化指标的关系。(4)VEGFC的rs17697515位点不同基因型与GDM临床特征的相关性分析。
1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行统计处理。计量资料用(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用字2检验;采用Logistic回归分析进行多因素相关性分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组的一般资料及实验室检测结果比较 两组的年龄、孕周、BMI、TC及血压比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);GDM组的FBG、HOMA-IR、FIN、TG及LDL-C水平均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而HCMA-β、HDL-C均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 VEGFC的rs17697515(C>T)多态性基因型及等位基因频率在两组中的分布 VEGFC的rs17697515位点有三种基因型式,分别为CC、CT及TT,在两组孕妇的样本中均可以检测到。在224例样本中,CC基因型有95例,CT基因型有104例,而TT基因型只有25例,其中T等位基因型点占34.38%(154/448),而C等位基因型点占多数为65.63%(294/448)。对照组中VEGFC的rs17697515位点C等位基因频率为61.86%(146/236),T等位基因频率为38.14%(90/236),GDM组C等位基因频率为69.81%(148/212),T等位基因频率为30.19%(64/212),两组的C、T等位基因频率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GDM组CC基因型频率为50.94%,高于对照组的34.75%,CT基因频率为37.74%,低于对照组的54.24%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。利用Logistic多因素分析发现,VEGFC基因rs17697515位点CC基因型与GDM密切相关(RR=18.306,P=0.013)。
2.3 GDM孕妇VEGFC的rs17697515位点各个基因型与生化指标的关系 CC基因型的BMI、FIN、FBG、HOMA-IR、TC、LDL-C、TG均高于CT和TT基因型,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而HCMA-β、HDL-C均低于CT和TT基因型,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CT和TT基因型的BMI、FIN、HOMA-IR、TC、LDL-C、TG比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3。
3 讨论
GDM受多种因素如环境、饮食习惯和遗传等因素影响,有研究证实GDM是一种多基因遗传性疾病,与T2DM有着相似的病理学和遗传特征[2,6-7]。本研究中,对GDM孕妇和健康孕妇VEGFC基因rs17697515位点多态性进行了分析,探讨该位点不同基因型与GDM发病的相关性,发现GDM孕妇的FIN、FBG、TC、TG均高于健康孕妇(P<0.05),而HCMA-β、HDL-C均显著低于健康孕妇(P<0.05)。表明GDM孕妇可能由于脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗双重作用,脂代谢紊乱引起胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌下降,而胰岛素抵抗促使脂代谢紊乱。
VEGFC首次被发现时作为VEGFR-3孤受体的配体[8],后来在各种模型中被证明是淋巴管的特定生长因子[9]。VEGFC属于血小板衍生生长因子/血管内皮生长因子(PDGF/VEGF)家族的成员,在人体内由VEGFC基因编码,该基因位于染色体4q34上。VEGF家族在哺乳动物中包含五个成员:VEGFA、胎盘生长因子(PGF)、VEGFB、VEGFC和VEGFD。目前普遍认为VEGFC的主要功能在于淋巴管生成,其主要通过其受体VEGFR-3作用于淋巴管内皮细胞(LEC),促进存活、生长和迁移[10]。然而,除了对淋巴管的影响外,它还可以通过受体VEGFR-3或VEGFR-2介导血管的生长并调节其渗透性[11]。除血管靶标外,VEGFC对神经发育和血压调节也很重要[12-13]。
最近研究发现,VEGFC在糖尿病发生发展过程起着重要调节作用。VEGFC可以通过调节糖尿病肾病中VEGF受体表达来降低肾小球白蛋白通透性[14]。通过检测VEGFC在个体内的变异及昼夜节律调节,可以预测2型糖尿病患者的葡萄糖耐量及血糖波动[15]。而由circHIPK3上调的VEGFC促进糖尿病视网膜血管功能障碍[4]。一项在VEGFC转基因小鼠中的研究发现,体内过表达VEGFC能诱导小鼠体重增加和胰岛素抵抗[16]。Kaidonis等[5]在1 919例糖尿病患者的基因多态性研究中发现,三个VEGFC的SNP与糖尿病性视网膜病变相关,分别为rs17697419、rs17697515、rs2333526。其中rs17697515在T2DM患者中也与糖尿病性黄斑水肿特异性相关。然而,VEGFC基因多态性在GDM中尚不清楚。本研究发现,GDM组CC基因型频率为50.94%,高于对照组的34.75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VEGFC的rs17697515位点的CC基因型的BMI、FIN、FBG、HOMA-IR、TC、LDL-C、TG均显著高于CT和TT基因型(P<0.05)。
综上可见,VEGFC基因rs17697515位点CC基因型与GDM风险密切相关。因此,通过对孕妇进行VEGFC基因rs17697515位点多态性的检测可能成为诊断GDM发病的重要指标,为GDM的防治提供理论基础。 参考文献
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(收稿日期:2019-05-24) (本文編辑:张爽)
【关键词】 妊娠期糖尿病 VEGFC基因 基因多态性 rs17697515位点
[Abstract] Objective: To study the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) gene rs17697515 and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: A total of 224 pregnant women admitted to the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital from May 2015 to April 2018 were selected as subjects. There were 106 GDM pregnant women (GDM group) and 118 healthy pregnant women (control group). Clinical data and laboratory test results of pregnant women in the two groups were collected respectively. The body mass index (BMI) of pregnant women in the two groups was checked, relevant biochemical indicators were detected, and the HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were calculated. Restriction fragment length polymorphic polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype VEGFC gene rs17697515 in two groups of pregnant women and compare their genotypes and allele frequencies. The relationship between rs17697515 polymorphism and glucose, lipid metabolism and related clinical indicators was analyzed. Result: Compared with the control group, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HOMA-IR, fasting serum insulin (FIN), triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in the GDM group were significantly increased (P<0.05); HCMA-β and concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). CC genotype frequency in GDM group was 50.94%, significantly higher than 34.75% in control group (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that CC genotype at rs17697515 of VEGFC gene was closely related to GDM (RR=18.306, P=0.013). The BMI, FIN, FBG, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C and TG of CC genotypes were all higher than those of CT and TT genotypes (P<0.05). However, the HCMA-β and HDL-C of CC genotype were both lower than that of CT and TT genotype (P<0.05). Conclusion: The VEGF gene rs17697515 site CC genotype may be a susceptibility gene of GDM, which plays a role in the development of GDM and is associated with islet dysfunction, abnormal fat metabolism and obesity. The VEGF176 gene rs17697515 polymorphism study helps to reveal the relationship between abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of GDM. [Key words] Gestational diabetes mellitus VEGFC gene Gene polymorphism rs17697515 locus
First-author’s address: Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.35.012
妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)是較为常见的一种妊娠期合并症,属于糖尿病的一种特殊类型,伴明显的代谢改变。GDM属高危妊娠,大大地增加了母体、胎儿及新生儿不良结局发生风险[1]。因此,对疑有GDM的孕妇进行早期筛查、诊断和治疗显得十分重要。有研究表明,GDM与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)病理学和遗传特征相似[2]。GDM亦为一种多基因相关的疾病,而且某些单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与GDM的发生、发展密切相关[3],但其易感基因尚未完全确。血管内皮生长因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor C,VEGFC)属于血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)家族的成员。有研究发现,VEGFC在糖尿病尤其是T2DM中发挥重要作用。VEGFC表达异常导致糖尿病视网膜血管功能障碍[4]。在对澳洲人群的研究中,发现VEGFC基因的SNP rs17697419、rs17697515和rs2333526位点均对糖尿病性视网膜病变产生影响,而rs17697515对与T2DM的发病明显相关[5]。但目前国内外有关VEGFC基因SNP与GDM相关性的研究尚属空白。因此,本研究探讨了VEGFC基因rs17697515位点与GDM发病的关联性,从而研究GDM的发病机制。现将研究结果报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 随机选取2015年5月-2018年4月于深圳市罗湖区人民医院正规产检的孕妇224例,其中健康孕妇(对照组)118例,GDM孕妇(GDM组)106例。GDM诊断标准:参考2014年版妇产科学的GDM诊断标准,受检孕妇于孕24~28周进行75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。75 g OGTT正常值:空腹和口服葡萄糖75 g后1、2 h血糖值分别小于5.1、10.0、8.5 mmol/L;任何一点血糖值达到或超过上述标准即诊断为妊娠期糖尿病。记录测量身高、体质量、血压,计算身体质量指数(BMI)等。(1)纳入标准:①孕前无糖尿病史,符合GDM诊断标准;②孕周24~32周,年龄18~42岁。(2)排除标准:①合并严重妇科疾病、消化系统疾病或内分泌系统疾病;②有流产史,有高血压、癌症史、多胞胎者、前置胎盘、先兆流产等。受试者同意,并签署入研究知情同意书。该研究已经深圳市罗湖区人民医院伦理学委员会批准。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 采集血样标本 采集空腹8 h以上外周静脉血各4、8 mL,均分别采用EDTA抗凝,置于-20 ℃条件下保存、备用。
1.2.2 生化指标检测 空腹血清胰岛素(fasting insulin,FIN)、空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)及脂代谢相关指标,如总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平。计算胰岛素抵抗水平(homeostasis model assessment,HOMA-IR)采用(HOMA-IR=FBG×FIN/22.5)稳态模型进行评估。采用水银血压计检测收缩压(SBP)与舒张压(DBP)。胰岛β细胞功能指数[HOMA-β=20×FIN/(FBG-3.5)]。
1.2.3 外周血DNA提取 采用QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit(Cat No./ID:51104)试剂盒,根据说明书具体操作从4 mL置于EDTA管的血样标本中提取外周血白细胞基因组DNA。利用Nanodrop 2000(Thermo)对DNA样浓度及质量进行检测,A260/A280控制在1.8~2.2,-80 ℃长期保存,使用前将DNA浓度用无酶水调节到20 ng/μL,-20 ℃保存。
1.2.4 VEGFC基因rs17697515(C>T)多态性基因型检测 从NCBI基因数据库中获得VEGFC全部基因信息,应用DNAstar Lasergene(7.1.0)结合VEGFC基因rs17697515多态性位点的特点设计上下游引物,引物由上海生工程有限公司合成,上游引物序列:5’-TAT GTG CTG GAA GAA TGT TGA GTT ACA-3’,引物长度27 bp,TM值为56.1 ℃;下游引物序列:5’-TGT TCA AGC TGC ATT TTG GTT GC-3’,引物长度23 bp,TM值为58.8 ℃。PCR反应体系为:2×PCR预混合溶液10 μL,SNP基因分型试剂0.5 μL,基因组DNA 1 μL(20 ng/μL),上下游引物各1 μL,6.5 μL dd H2O,共计20 μL。PCR反应条件为:95 ℃预变性3 min,然后95 ℃变性30 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环,最后72 ℃延伸3 min。应用Sanger测序对纯化后的DNA片段进行测序分型,应用Genemapper对结果进行分析。 1.3 观察指标 (1)比较两组的一般资料及实验室檢测结果。(2)比较两组VEGFC基因rs17697515(C>T)多态性基因型分布频率,C基因的频率=C基因总数/(C基因总数+T基因总数)=(2×CC+CT)/(2×样本量),T基因的频率=T基因总数/(T基因总数+C基因总数)=(2×TT+CT)/(2×样本量)。(3)GDM孕妇VEGFC的rs17697515位点各个基因型与生化指标的关系。(4)VEGFC的rs17697515位点不同基因型与GDM临床特征的相关性分析。
1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行统计处理。计量资料用(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用字2检验;采用Logistic回归分析进行多因素相关性分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组的一般资料及实验室检测结果比较 两组的年龄、孕周、BMI、TC及血压比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);GDM组的FBG、HOMA-IR、FIN、TG及LDL-C水平均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而HCMA-β、HDL-C均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 VEGFC的rs17697515(C>T)多态性基因型及等位基因频率在两组中的分布 VEGFC的rs17697515位点有三种基因型式,分别为CC、CT及TT,在两组孕妇的样本中均可以检测到。在224例样本中,CC基因型有95例,CT基因型有104例,而TT基因型只有25例,其中T等位基因型点占34.38%(154/448),而C等位基因型点占多数为65.63%(294/448)。对照组中VEGFC的rs17697515位点C等位基因频率为61.86%(146/236),T等位基因频率为38.14%(90/236),GDM组C等位基因频率为69.81%(148/212),T等位基因频率为30.19%(64/212),两组的C、T等位基因频率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GDM组CC基因型频率为50.94%,高于对照组的34.75%,CT基因频率为37.74%,低于对照组的54.24%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。利用Logistic多因素分析发现,VEGFC基因rs17697515位点CC基因型与GDM密切相关(RR=18.306,P=0.013)。
2.3 GDM孕妇VEGFC的rs17697515位点各个基因型与生化指标的关系 CC基因型的BMI、FIN、FBG、HOMA-IR、TC、LDL-C、TG均高于CT和TT基因型,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而HCMA-β、HDL-C均低于CT和TT基因型,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CT和TT基因型的BMI、FIN、HOMA-IR、TC、LDL-C、TG比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3。
3 讨论
GDM受多种因素如环境、饮食习惯和遗传等因素影响,有研究证实GDM是一种多基因遗传性疾病,与T2DM有着相似的病理学和遗传特征[2,6-7]。本研究中,对GDM孕妇和健康孕妇VEGFC基因rs17697515位点多态性进行了分析,探讨该位点不同基因型与GDM发病的相关性,发现GDM孕妇的FIN、FBG、TC、TG均高于健康孕妇(P<0.05),而HCMA-β、HDL-C均显著低于健康孕妇(P<0.05)。表明GDM孕妇可能由于脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗双重作用,脂代谢紊乱引起胰岛素抵抗和胰岛素分泌下降,而胰岛素抵抗促使脂代谢紊乱。
VEGFC首次被发现时作为VEGFR-3孤受体的配体[8],后来在各种模型中被证明是淋巴管的特定生长因子[9]。VEGFC属于血小板衍生生长因子/血管内皮生长因子(PDGF/VEGF)家族的成员,在人体内由VEGFC基因编码,该基因位于染色体4q34上。VEGF家族在哺乳动物中包含五个成员:VEGFA、胎盘生长因子(PGF)、VEGFB、VEGFC和VEGFD。目前普遍认为VEGFC的主要功能在于淋巴管生成,其主要通过其受体VEGFR-3作用于淋巴管内皮细胞(LEC),促进存活、生长和迁移[10]。然而,除了对淋巴管的影响外,它还可以通过受体VEGFR-3或VEGFR-2介导血管的生长并调节其渗透性[11]。除血管靶标外,VEGFC对神经发育和血压调节也很重要[12-13]。
最近研究发现,VEGFC在糖尿病发生发展过程起着重要调节作用。VEGFC可以通过调节糖尿病肾病中VEGF受体表达来降低肾小球白蛋白通透性[14]。通过检测VEGFC在个体内的变异及昼夜节律调节,可以预测2型糖尿病患者的葡萄糖耐量及血糖波动[15]。而由circHIPK3上调的VEGFC促进糖尿病视网膜血管功能障碍[4]。一项在VEGFC转基因小鼠中的研究发现,体内过表达VEGFC能诱导小鼠体重增加和胰岛素抵抗[16]。Kaidonis等[5]在1 919例糖尿病患者的基因多态性研究中发现,三个VEGFC的SNP与糖尿病性视网膜病变相关,分别为rs17697419、rs17697515、rs2333526。其中rs17697515在T2DM患者中也与糖尿病性黄斑水肿特异性相关。然而,VEGFC基因多态性在GDM中尚不清楚。本研究发现,GDM组CC基因型频率为50.94%,高于对照组的34.75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。VEGFC的rs17697515位点的CC基因型的BMI、FIN、FBG、HOMA-IR、TC、LDL-C、TG均显著高于CT和TT基因型(P<0.05)。
综上可见,VEGFC基因rs17697515位点CC基因型与GDM风险密切相关。因此,通过对孕妇进行VEGFC基因rs17697515位点多态性的检测可能成为诊断GDM发病的重要指标,为GDM的防治提供理论基础。 参考文献
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(收稿日期:2019-05-24) (本文編辑:张爽)