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我国现行的居民粮油供销体制是60年代后逐步形成的,并一直延续至今。其基本办法是居民凭证、定量、平价到粮店购买固定品种的粮油。这种供销体制的优点是城镇持粮本者心理稳定,粮食部门易作调拨和供应计划,政府干预性大。其弊端是:凭证——把公民划分为两类消费者,扩大了三大差别,定量——鼓励吃粮而不是产粮,定量偏高导致粮食浪费;平价——贬低了粮食的价值,淡化了居民对粮食的珍惜程度,大量的补贴加重了国家财政的负担;固定品种——固定了粮食的消费结构,堵塞了消费者对不同品种需求的信息反馈渠道,不利于种粮业优化利用资源。
The current system of supplying and selling grain and oil for residents in China was gradually formed after the 1960s and has continued to this day. The basic method is resident certificates, quantitative, and parity purchases of fixed varieties of grain and oil. The advantages of this supply and marketing system are that the urban residents who hold grain are psychologically stable, the food sector is easy to allocate and supply plans, and government intervention is large. The disadvantages are: Voucher - dividing citizens into two types of consumers, expanding the three major differences, quantitatively - encouraging food consumption instead of food production, high quantitative leads to food waste; parity - devaluing the value of food, weakening Residents cherish the food, a large number of subsidies aggravated the burden of the state financial; fixed varieties - fixed food consumption structure, blocking the consumer feedback channels for different varieties of demand, is not conducive to optimizing the use of resources for the grain industry.