《阅读〈资本论〉》是法国学者阿尔都塞的代表作品。阿氏在该著作中提出了试图透过文本达到深层理解的征候阅读法,并通过这种阅读方法对马克思在《资本论》中阐述的思想进行了独特的解读,提出了对物质资料生产方式的理解,并用结构主义的多元决定论为马克思的社会经济史观辩护。本文试图从对《阅读〈资本论〉》的理解出发,把握阿尔都塞思想的大体脉络和核心思想,并给予可能的评价。 Reading Capital is the representative work of the French scholar Althusser. In this book, he proposed the reading method of seeking signs for deeper comprehension through texts. Through this reading method, he made a unique interpretation of Marx’s thoughts elaborated in “Capitalism” and put forward a proposal on the method of material data production And defended Marx’s view of social and economic history from the structural determinism of pluralism. This article attempts to grasp the basic context and core ideas of Althusser’s thought from the understanding of Reading and give a possible evaluation.