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目的对学龄前儿童迟发性听力损失的患病情况及危险因素进行分析,为临床儿童听力保健提供依据。方法选取2013年6月-2015年6月于该院进行听力筛查的儿童6 213例,对筛查未通过的儿童转诊进行医学及听力学评估,对最终确诊为迟发性听力损失的患儿进行相关危险因素分析。结果在选取的6 213例儿童中,其中187例听力筛查未能通过,经转诊接受听力学评估,50例儿童确诊为迟发性听力损失,患病率为0.80%。50例患儿中,其中双侧中度听力损失12例,占0.19%;双侧轻度听力损失19例,占0.59%;单侧中度听力损失9例,占0.14%;单侧轻度听力损失10例,占0.16%。经单因素分析,学龄前儿童发生迟发性听力损失的相关因素主要包括中耳炎、外耳道闭锁或畸形、耳毒性药物使用史、头部外伤史、母亲言语发育迟缓、听力损失家族史及鼓膜穿孔等,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);经多因素分析,中耳炎、外耳道闭锁或畸形、母亲言语发育迟缓及听力损失家族史是学龄前儿童发生迟发性听力损失的危险因素。结论学龄前儿童患有迟发性听力损失的比例较高,其中中耳炎、外耳道闭锁或畸形、母亲言语发育迟缓及听力损失家族史是学龄前儿童发生迟发性听力损失的危险因素,临床上应积极预防与治疗以降低疾病的发生。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of late-onset hearing loss in preschool children and provide the basis for clinical hearing and health care in children. Methods A total of 6 213 children were enrolled in this hospital from June 2013 to June 2015. The medical and audiological evaluation of referral of unsuccessful children was conducted. The final diagnosis of delayed hearing loss Children were analyzed for risk factors. Results Of the 6 213 children selected, 187 of them failed to pass the audiology screening test, received audiological evaluation after referral, and 50 children were diagnosed as delayed hearing loss with a prevalence of 0.80%. In 50 cases, there were 12 cases of bilateral moderate hearing loss (0.19%), 19 cases of bilateral mild hearing loss (0.59%), 9 cases of unilateral moderate hearing loss (0.14%), unilateral mild Hearing loss in 10 cases, accounting for 0.16%. Univariate analysis showed that the related factors of late-onset hearing loss in preschool children included otitis media, atresia or malformation of external auditory canal, history of ototoxicity, history of head trauma, mothers’ speech retardation, family history of hearing loss and perforation of tympanic membrane (P <0.05). After multivariate analysis, otitis media, external auditory canal atresia or malformation, mother’s speech retardation and family history of hearing loss were the risk factors for preschool children’s delayed hearing loss. Conclusions There is a high proportion of preschool children with delayed-onset hearing loss. Among them, otitis media, external auditory canal atresia or deformity, mother’s speech retardation and family history of hearing loss are the risk factors for delayed hearing loss in preschool children. Active prevention and treatment to reduce the incidence of the disease.