20世纪60年代,法国资产阶级研究的社会史范式在拉布鲁斯的引导下确立。这一范式广泛挖掘新史料并大量应用计量方法,深入考察了19世纪法国资产阶级的经济活动、生活条件和社会地位。但是,该范式因重视经济活动、轻视文化和心态等因素而遭到批评。20世纪80年代以来,法国资产阶级研究发生了从社会史到文化史的转变,资产阶级认同成为了广受关注的主题。耐人寻味的是,在一些研究者从日常文化实践的方方面面中寻找资产阶级认同的有力证据时,美国学者莎拉.马萨却论证了法国资产阶级认同缺失的问题。关于资产阶级研究的不同路径实际上体现了史学家对于社会阶级的不同理解。本文主张形成关于阶级的综合认识,以使不同研究范式的融合成为可能。 In the 1960s, the social history paradigm of French bourgeois research was established under La Bruce’s guidance. This paradigm broadly excavated new historical materials and extensively applied quantitative methods to examine in depth the economic activities, living conditions and social status of the French bourgeoisie in the nineteenth century. However, the paradigm has been criticized for its emphasis on economic activity, contempt for culture and mentality. Since the 1980s, the study of the French bourgeoisie has taken place from the social history to the cultural history. The bourgeois identity has become a topic of widespread concern. Interestingly, American scholar Sarah Massa argued for the lack of recognition of the French bourgeoisie when some researchers looked for strong evidence of bourgeois identity from all aspects of everyday cultural practices. The different paths to bourgeois studies actually reflect historians’ differing understanding of social classes. This paper advocates the formation of a comprehensive understanding of classes so as to make the integration of different research paradigms possible.