学生面前的教科书不同于一般参考材料或其他的课外读物,它是按照学科的系统性结合学生的认知规律,以简练的语言呈现教学知识的,知识结果虽存在,但思维过程往往被压缩了。所以这就需要教师对教材内容的呈现进行精心设计和加工,通过教学实践,不仅要使学生掌握书本上看得见的思维结果,更要让他们参与那些课本上 Different from general reference materials or other extracurricular reading materials, the textbook before students is based on the systematical combination of disciplines and students’ cognitive rules to present teaching knowledge in a concise language. Although the result of knowledge exists, the thinking process is often compressed . Therefore, this requires that the teacher carefully design and process the presentation of the teaching materials. Through the practice of teaching, students should not only master the visible thinking of the books, but also be allowed to participate in those textbooks