地震灾害主要是由地震波引起的强烈地面震动造成的,但震动破坏后果还能导致一系列的次生灾害,它们对人类的危害有时竟会远超出地震本身。由直接灾害衍生的火灾、水患、放射性和毒气外溢、爆炸、瘟疫、水源和空气污染,以及高层建筑的“玻璃雨”等,均与城市环境息息相关;而地震产生的滑坡、崩塌、地裂、砂土液化和泥石流等则与环境地质条件密不可分。且各种灾害之间还往往有连锁反应。 Earthquake disaster is mainly caused by strong ground vibration caused by seismic waves, but the consequences of the earthquake damage can lead to a series of secondary disasters, their danger to humans sometimes far beyond the earthquake itself. Floods, flooding, radioactive and toxic gas spills, explosions, plagues, water and air pollution caused by direct disasters, and “glass rains” in high-rise buildings are all closely linked to the urban environment; landslides, landslides, Cracks, sand liquefaction and debris flow are closely related with the environmental geological conditions. And there is often a chain reaction between various kinds of disasters.