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目的了解北京市密云县居民健康素养水平,为制定健康促进策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,使用《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》对271名北京市密云县城乡常住居民进行抽样调查。结果 271名调查对象中,男性129人(47.6%),女性142人(52.4%);平均年龄为(50.31±10.593)岁;文化程度以初中为主,占38.0%。居民健康素养水平为8.5%,3方面健康素养水平由高到低分别是:基本知识和理念(18.5%)、基本技能(14.8%)、健康生活方式与行为(10.3%)。7类健康问题素养水平由高到低分别是:科学健康观(58.3%)、安全与急救(57.9%)、传染病(27.3%)、信息获取(20.3%)、慢性非传染性疾病(慢病)防治(19.9%)、基本医疗(10.3%)、日常保健(5.5%)。非慢病患者健康素养水平高于慢病患者,年龄结构升高素养水平降低,文化程度升高素养水平升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论北京市密云县居民健康素养水平不高,应有针对性地对低文化程度、老年人群及慢病患者开展健康教育和健康促进工作。
Objective To understand the level of health literacy of residents in Miyun County, Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating health promotion strategies and measures. Methods A stratified and multistage cluster random sampling method was used to sample 271 resident urban and rural residents in Miyun County, Beijing using the “National Health Literacy Surveillance Questionnaire”. Results Among the 271 respondents, 129 (47.6%) were male and 142 (52.4%) were female. The average age was (50.31 ± 10.593) years old. The educational level was mainly junior middle school, accounting for 38.0%. The level of health literacy of residents was 8.5%. The levels of health literacy in three aspects were: basic knowledge and concept (18.5%), basic skills (14.8%), healthy lifestyles and behaviors (10.3%). The highest and lowest levels of health literacy in the seven categories were: scientific outlook on health (58.3%), safety and first aid (57.9%), communicable diseases (27.3%), access to information (20.3%), chronic noncommunicable diseases Disease Prevention and Treatment (19.9%), Basic Medical Care (10.3%) and Daily Health Care (5.5%). The level of health literacy of non-chronic disease patients was higher than that of chronic disease patients, the age structure increased, the level of literacy decreased, and the education level increased. The difference was statistically significant (both P <0.05). Conclusion The health literacy of residents in Miyun County, Beijing is not high. Health education and health promotion should be carried out in a targeted manner for people with low educational level, elderly people and people with chronic diseases.