选择填空题解题方法

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  一、直观选择法
  [解读] 直观选择法就是根据题干及选项可直接选出正确答案来。此法主要用于一些直接考查简单语法、习惯搭配、习惯用语等较为常见、常用的知识点。
  1. He ____ a football match on TV now.
  A. watching       B. watches
  C. watch                D. is watching
  2. What animal is the most friendly ____ us, do you know?
  A. at          B. in     C. with  D. to
  [剖析] 1. 从本题来看,时间副词是now, 本句的时态为现在进行时。而现在进行时的结构是“be + V-ing”。故D 是正确答案。2. 此题考查be friendly to sb. (对某人友好)这一习惯搭配,故D项是正确答案。
  二、排除法
  [解读] 排除法就是根据题干或选项可排除其中的某一项、两项,甚至三项,这样缩小干扰范围,增大选择的正确率。排除了其中的一、二项之后,再根据题干进行分析,直到选出正确答案为止。如题干为两空或三空,这一方法更适用。
  1. The text is very easy for you. There are    ____ new words in it.
  A. a few                 B. a little
  C. few              D. little
  2. —Do you know about Florence Nightingale?
  —Yes, she is well known ____ a nurse in England ____ her kindness to the sick and wounded soldiers.
  A. as; for               B. for; as
  C. to; for                D. as; to
  [剖析] 1. (a) few +可數名词, (a) little +不可数名词,句中的words为可数名词,因此, 排除B、D两项。然后再根据前一句的very easy可知C项为正确答案。2. as a nurse意为“作为一名护士”,由此可排除 B、C 两项;根据句意第二空应该表示原因,表示原因应用介词for, 意思是“因为”, 进而排除D。故A项为正确答案。
  三、比较法
  [解读] 比较法就是要认真分析、比较四个选项的异同,以及个别选项的特殊含义,然后再结合题干筛选出适合题干的最佳选项。这一方法主要用来解决词汇、短语试题。
  1. The smile on the teachers face shows that she is ____ with us.
  A. strict            B. pleased
  C. angry                 D. sorry
  2. I think koalas are ____ interesting.
  A. kind of         B. a kind of
  C. kinds of        D. all kinds of
  [剖析] 1. 四个选项均为形容词,且前面三项均可与with搭配,A项be strict with sb. “对某人要求严格”, B项be pleased with sb.“对……感到满意”,C 项be angry with sb. “生某人的气”。根据主语smile,可知B 项正确。2. 四个短语在形式上很相似,只有A“有几分”才能修饰形容词。故A 为正确答案。
  四、关键信息词法
  [解读] 关键信息词法就是说正确答案与题干的某一关键的信息词有关,只要找出这一信息词,答案就出来了。常常要弄清楚试题的考查点,然后再结合与这一考查点相关的一些知识去寻找信息词。   1. —How about the young lady?
  —Its hard to say, but her voice ____ beautiful.
  A. sings B. hears      C. listens     D. sounds
  2. This kind of food smells ____ and sells ____.
  A. good; good       B. well; well
  C. well; good          D. good; well
  [剖析] 1. 此題的关键信息词是beautiful,它是形容词。空格处显然缺少谓语,只有系动词才能接形容词构成表语,四个选项只有sound才是系动词,故D项正确。2. 此题的关键信息词有两个,一个是smell,另一个是sell,smell是系动词,后接形容词;sell是实义动词,后接副词。因此D 为正确答案。
  五、逻辑推断法
  [解读] 逻辑推断法就是根据四个选项与题干的关系,来推断它们是否符合逻辑,符合者为正确答案。这类试题如单从空格看,一般四个选项都正确。需要联系上下文内容进行推理,看是否符合逻辑。
  1. There is ____ knocking at the door. Go and see who it is.
  A. nobody        B. somebody
  C. anybody       D. everybody
  2. Its ____ outside. Please put on your raincoat.
  A. hot              B. raining
  C. warm                 D. cold
  [剖析] 1. 此题从逻辑角度考虑, A 项“没有人敲门”,不符合实际情况,故B项“有人敲门” 正确。C项“一些人或任何人敲门”,D 项“每个人敲门”,显然这两项均不合逻辑。2. 从有空格的句子看, 四个选项都合适,但从后面的句子Please put on your raincoat. 可知A、C、D 项都不符合逻辑。故B 项正确。
  六、常识推理法
  [解读] 有的选择题考查同学们必备的常识,这充分体现语言的“工具性”。这种试题多是中学生熟悉的一些基本知识。
  1. —Which is the capital of France?
   —____.
  A. Sydney         B. New York
  C. London         D. Paris
  2. —What animal lives only in China?
   —____.
  A. Pandas         B. Penguins
  C. Giraffes        D. Tigers
  [剖析] 1. 问“法国的首都是哪个城市?”, 这是考查学生的地理常识,当然是D项“巴黎” 正确。 2. “哪种动物仅生活在中国?”显然只有A 正确。
  七、排除思维定势法
  [解读] “思维定势”就是惯用已有的某一知识或方法来解决问题或解决一系列相似的问题,其结果就会使人产生思维定势,从而犯了想当然的经验主义的错误。
  1. The supermarket there ____ all kinds of pencils and toys.
  A. is           B. are   C. buy  D. has
  2. —Could I have ____ eggs please, Mum?
   —Sorry. We dont have ____ these days.
  A. some; any          B. any; some
  C. any; any       D. some; some
  [剖析] 1. 有的同学一看到 there, 加之选项中又有be 的形式, 就确定是there be 句型,认为B对。而此题there 是后置定语, 主语是the supermarket,故D项正确。2. 在一般情况下, any用于疑问句和否定句中,而some用于肯定句中,但当提问者期望得到肯定回答时, 疑问句中通常使用some(something, someone,  somebody)。在否定句中,一律用any。因此本题选A。
  八、习惯推理法
  [解读] 主要是根据题干与空格是否构成一种习惯搭配,包括固定短语、句型、语法知识、情景会话等。这类试题只能按照英语的习惯结构来作为选择的依据,不能凭想当然做题。
  1. —Could you tell me how to get to the office?
   —____.
  A. No, I couldnt tell you
  B. Im afraid I dont
  C. Sorry, you dont ask me
  D. Yes, of course
  2. —You look beautiful in red?
   —____.
  A. All right        B. No.
  C. Dont say that.  D. Thank you.
  [剖析] 1. Could you...?表达的语气很委婉,回答时也应委婉、客气。A、B、C三项不符合英语习惯,故选D。2. 对于别人的夸奖只要回答Thank you. 就好了。只有D项符合英语表达习惯。
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