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一、英语中关联词语的运用
1.连接词语用法小结
英语中的连接词又被称为句子和句子之间的关联词或关联短语。关联词语的使用可以使上下文连贯自然、浑然一体、语言结构紧凑。在进行阅读练习时，留意连接词语的运用，会给我们做细节性的理解很大的帮助。比如：在阅读的过程中，一个“however”或“but”的出现，常常预示命题者会在这里设置问题。而在写作的评判中，使用关联词语是制胜写作的秘笈。有老师说：在写作中，巧妙使用连接词语是高级修辞使用的具体活例。英语中的连接词语大致如下：
1） 表时间的连接词语
first， second， third， and then， finally， after， before， after a few days， at last， at that time， later， in the past， immediately， in the meanwhile， when， while， then， after that， previous to ...
如：With two aims we start our club： first， to get students more interested in Chinese ancient poems； second， to show students how Chinese Literature develops.
2） 表对比或转折关系的连接词语
but， still， yet， however， instead， while， never the less / on the other hand， on the contrary， in contrast， ...
如：The teacher didnt scold him. Instead， he said that she did a good deed.
3） 表因果关系的连接词语
because， since， then， thus， otherwise， so， therefore， consequently， as a result， for this reason， in consequence， thanks to， because of， on account of ...
如：The government doesnt wish to spend much money on environmental protection. Thus， the pollution there became more serious.
4） 表并列关系的连接词语
and， as well as， or ...
如：Li Ping is a teacher. And what about Wang Hai？
5） 表示解释说明的过渡词
for example， in fact， in this case， for， actually ...
如：He pretended to like the song sung by her. In fact， he dislikes it.
6） 表附加内容或递进关系的连接词
also， and， then， too， besides， in addition， moreover， again， above all， not only...but also...， ...
如：We should not waste anything. Above all， we should never waste time.
7） 表示列举的连接词语
for example， such as， for one thing ... and for another， ...
如：I dont feel like going with you there now. For one thing， it is rather late； and for another， I dare not go out at night.
8） 表示总结性的连接词语
in conclusion， finally， at last， in brief， as has been stated， in a word， in general， in all， in a word， to sum up， to conclude， generally speaking ...
如：
He did a lot of good deeds for the people around him. To sum up， he is a good example of all the Party members.
二、英语阅读文章的段落结构分析
英语阅读文章的各段之间都存在一定的逻辑关系，正确理解这种逻辑关系，有助于准确进行阅读，提高做题的正确率。而高三学生进行高考复习时常偏重于单个句子的理解，不能把上下文的意思联系起来。在进行阅读练习时，仅注意上句和下句的关系是远不够的，更要注意各段落之间的关系。英语阅读文章中的段落基本有以下两种关系：
1.段落主题句（简称为TS，即topic sentence）+段落支持句（简称为SS，即supporting sentences）+段落总结句（CS，即concluding sentence）。有时，段落没有总结句，那么段落的结构就简化为：TS—SS。这种逻辑关系的段落往往开门见山，文章一开始就明确主题，后面的段落都围绕主题展开或说明。如： Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.
Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease： cancer， cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example， it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally， studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.
Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer： cancer， smoking is harmful. Is it worth it？
这一段文章中主题句 （topic sentence） 是：Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. 支持句 （supporting sentences）： Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease （illness）， cancer. Cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example， it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally， studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. 总结句 （concluding sentences）： Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer： cancer， smoking is harmful. Is it worth it？
这篇文章的机构是： TS—SS—CS
2.有时英语阅读文章的主题是分层进行论述的，它的主体部分一般分为若干段落。抓住每一段落的中心思想对于掌握文章的主题有很大帮助。在具体段落中，主题句可出现在段首，也可出现在段中或段尾。这样的文章为了避免让读者有突如其来的感觉，文章开头往往带有个小引子；文章结尾往往一笔带过作一个总结。这样的段落结构可简称为：SS—CS。
People who multitask（从事多项任务） all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once， a new research suggests. The findings， based on performances and selfevaluation by about 275 college students， indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity， but because they are easily distracted （分心） and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu， a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked， how good they thought they were at it， and how sensationseeking （寻求刺激） or imperative （冲动） they were. They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly， the scientists said， most people thought they were better than average at multitasking， and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior， which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted. “People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity， but because theyre distractible， and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley， a researcher at the University of California， San Francisco， who was not a member of the research group， said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest， however， why the sensationseeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley， another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”
这是一篇可称为“SS—CS”型结构的文章，从现象入手谈实验结果，最后归纳出：People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.（This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.）
1.连接词语用法小结
英语中的连接词又被称为句子和句子之间的关联词或关联短语。关联词语的使用可以使上下文连贯自然、浑然一体、语言结构紧凑。在进行阅读练习时，留意连接词语的运用，会给我们做细节性的理解很大的帮助。比如：在阅读的过程中，一个“however”或“but”的出现，常常预示命题者会在这里设置问题。而在写作的评判中，使用关联词语是制胜写作的秘笈。有老师说：在写作中，巧妙使用连接词语是高级修辞使用的具体活例。英语中的连接词语大致如下：
1） 表时间的连接词语
first， second， third， and then， finally， after， before， after a few days， at last， at that time， later， in the past， immediately， in the meanwhile， when， while， then， after that， previous to ...
如：With two aims we start our club： first， to get students more interested in Chinese ancient poems； second， to show students how Chinese Literature develops.
2） 表对比或转折关系的连接词语
but， still， yet， however， instead， while， never the less / on the other hand， on the contrary， in contrast， ...
如：The teacher didnt scold him. Instead， he said that she did a good deed.
3） 表因果关系的连接词语
because， since， then， thus， otherwise， so， therefore， consequently， as a result， for this reason， in consequence， thanks to， because of， on account of ...
如：The government doesnt wish to spend much money on environmental protection. Thus， the pollution there became more serious.
4） 表并列关系的连接词语
and， as well as， or ...
如：Li Ping is a teacher. And what about Wang Hai？
5） 表示解释说明的过渡词
for example， in fact， in this case， for， actually ...
如：He pretended to like the song sung by her. In fact， he dislikes it.
6） 表附加内容或递进关系的连接词
also， and， then， too， besides， in addition， moreover， again， above all， not only...but also...， ...
如：We should not waste anything. Above all， we should never waste time.
7） 表示列举的连接词语
for example， such as， for one thing ... and for another， ...
如：I dont feel like going with you there now. For one thing， it is rather late； and for another， I dare not go out at night.
8） 表示总结性的连接词语
in conclusion， finally， at last， in brief， as has been stated， in a word， in general， in all， in a word， to sum up， to conclude， generally speaking ...
如：
He did a lot of good deeds for the people around him. To sum up， he is a good example of all the Party members.
二、英语阅读文章的段落结构分析
英语阅读文章的各段之间都存在一定的逻辑关系，正确理解这种逻辑关系，有助于准确进行阅读，提高做题的正确率。而高三学生进行高考复习时常偏重于单个句子的理解，不能把上下文的意思联系起来。在进行阅读练习时，仅注意上句和下句的关系是远不够的，更要注意各段落之间的关系。英语阅读文章中的段落基本有以下两种关系：
1.段落主题句（简称为TS，即topic sentence）+段落支持句（简称为SS，即supporting sentences）+段落总结句（CS，即concluding sentence）。有时，段落没有总结句，那么段落的结构就简化为：TS—SS。这种逻辑关系的段落往往开门见山，文章一开始就明确主题，后面的段落都围绕主题展开或说明。如： Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.
Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease： cancer， cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example， it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally， studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.
Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer： cancer， smoking is harmful. Is it worth it？
这一段文章中主题句 （topic sentence） 是：Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. 支持句 （supporting sentences）： Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease （illness）， cancer. Cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example， it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally， studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. 总结句 （concluding sentences）： Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer： cancer， smoking is harmful. Is it worth it？
这篇文章的机构是： TS—SS—CS
2.有时英语阅读文章的主题是分层进行论述的，它的主体部分一般分为若干段落。抓住每一段落的中心思想对于掌握文章的主题有很大帮助。在具体段落中，主题句可出现在段首，也可出现在段中或段尾。这样的文章为了避免让读者有突如其来的感觉，文章开头往往带有个小引子；文章结尾往往一笔带过作一个总结。这样的段落结构可简称为：SS—CS。
People who multitask（从事多项任务） all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once， a new research suggests. The findings， based on performances and selfevaluation by about 275 college students， indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity， but because they are easily distracted （分心） and cant focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said David Sanbonmatsu， a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked， how good they thought they were at it， and how sensationseeking （寻求刺激） or imperative （冲动） they were. They then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly， the scientists said， most people thought they were better than average at multitasking， and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior， which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted. “People multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity， but because theyre distractible， and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley， a researcher at the University of California， San Francisco， who was not a member of the research group， said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest， however， why the sensationseeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley， another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”
这是一篇可称为“SS—CS”型结构的文章，从现象入手谈实验结果，最后归纳出：People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.（This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.）