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作为社会救助的次生品,福利依赖意味着个人贫困状态的长久延续和政府福利支出的过度膨胀。正确认识福利依赖的成因对于科学制定反福利依赖政策具有至关重要的意义。基于民政部2013年“中国城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设”项目的调查数据发现,低保对象构成严重弱势化、低保政策减贫与发展功能的双重不足,以及非正规就业结构下低保对象就业的隐性化共同诱发了城市低保家庭长期依赖救助的现象。低保制度减贫效能的提升、积极性就业服务体系的构建,以及非正规就业向正规就业结构的转型将是实现低保动态管理的有效路径。
As a secondary product of social assistance, the reliance on welfare means the long-term continuation of the state of individual poverty and the over-expansion of government welfare spending. Correctly understanding the causes of welfare dependency is of crucial importance for the scientific formulation of an anti-welfare dependency policy. Based on the survey data of the Ministry of Civil Affairs’s “Construction of Social Policy Support System for the Difficult Families in Urban and Rural Areas in China 2013”, we found that the subsistence allowances constitute a serious weakening and the insufficiency of the functions of poverty reduction and development with the policy of dibao protection and the informal employment structure The implicit employment of subsistence allowances co-induced the long-term dependency on the urban subsistence allowances. The improvement of the poverty reduction effectiveness of the dibao system, the construction of a proactive employment service system, and the transition of informal employment to the formal employment structure will be effective paths for the dynamic management of subsistence allowances.