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目的观察胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠骨骼肌超微结构变化的特点,探讨高脂饮食及运动对骨骼肌的影响。方法健康Wistar雄性大鼠分基础饲料喂养组(NC),高脂饲料喂养组(HF)。高脂喂养大鼠10周,构建IR动物模型。HF组再随机分出一半为非运动组,另一半为运动组,游泳运动干预4周。运动前后以钳夹技术评估IR大鼠胰岛素敏感性,检测3组大鼠葡萄糖输注率(GIR)以及股薄肌进行透射电镜观察。结果 HF组大鼠GIR显著低于NC组(P<0.01),运动组大鼠GIR显著低于非运动组(P<0.01);电镜显示,HF组骨骼肌细胞肌原纤维束排列松散;线粒体数量减少;运动后可明显减轻上述病理改变。结论运动可增强骨骼肌的有氧代谢,改变IR大鼠骨骼肌超微结构,并以线粒体改变较为明显。适当的运动能够改善IR机体内胰岛素敏感性,维持骨骼肌细胞的正常形态。
Objective To observe the changes of skeletal muscle ultrastructure in rats with insulin resistance (IR) and to explore the effect of high-fat diet and exercise on skeletal muscle. Methods Healthy Wistar male rats were divided into basic diet group (NC) and high fat diet group (HF). The rats were fed with high fat for 10 weeks to establish the animal model of IR. In the HF group, half of them were randomly divided into non-exercise group and the other half were exercise group. Swim exercise intervention was 4 weeks. The insulin sensitivity of IR rats was evaluated by clamp technique before and after exercise. The glucose infusion rate (GIR) and gracilis muscle were measured by transmission electron microscopy. Results The GIR of HF group was significantly lower than that of NC group (P <0.01). The GIR of exercise group was significantly lower than that of non-exercise group (P <0.01). Electron microscope showed that the myofibril bundle of skeletal muscle cells of HF group was loosely arranged; Reduce the number; after exercise can significantly reduce the pathological changes. Conclusion Exercise can enhance the aerobic metabolism of skeletal muscle, change the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle of IR rats, and change obviously with mitochondria. Proper exercise can improve insulin sensitivity in IR and maintain the normal morphology of skeletal muscle cells.