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利用密闭式好氧堆肥反应器,以新鲜锯末为空白载体,通过批量实验,研究了堆肥温度对人粪便降解效果的影响,尤其是在堆肥过程中氮的迁移转化特性.结果表明,在60℃的高温堆肥条件下,粪便中有机物(化学需氧量COD、总有机碳TOC、有机固体Sorg)的去除率可达70%以上,而35℃的中温条件下的有机物去除率为63%;高温堆肥的腐熟期可从中温条件下的10—11 d缩短到6—8 d.高温条件下粪便中的氮具有良好的保持特性,总氮Ntot的损失仅为17%,远低于中温条件下31.4%的总氮损失.考察堆肥反应过程中氮的形态变化,发现高温条件下氮的损失仅发生在堆肥反应的第一天,且表现为无机氮Nino(主要为铵态氮NH+4-N)迅速转化为氨气释放,而有机氮Norg含量保持不变.与此相比,中温条件下氮的损失可持续4 d,且伴随着部分Norg向NH+4-N和氨气的转化,导致氮的损失增大.氨气吸收和物料衡算的结果表明,每种温度下Ntot的减少量与通过氨气释放的氮的总量相等,说明NH4+-N挥发为氨气是堆肥过程中氮损失的主要原因.60℃的高温堆肥不仅可以加快有机物的腐熟,提高堆肥效率,还能有效减少氮的损失,提高产物的肥效.
The effects of composting temperature on the degradation of human excrement were investigated by batch experiments using a closed aerobic composting reactor with fresh sawdust as a carrier. The results showed that at 60 ℃ (COD, TOC, Sorg) in the excrement can reach more than 70% under high temperature composting conditions, while the removal rate of organic matter under medium temperature of 35 ℃ is 63%; the high temperature The composting maturity period can be shortened from 10-11 days under medium temperature to 6-8 days.The nitrogen in the feces at high temperature has a good retention property, the loss of total nitrogen Ntot is only 17%, much lower than the medium temperature 31.4% of the total nitrogen loss.Studying the morphological changes of nitrogen during the compost reaction, it was found that the nitrogen loss occurred only at the first day of the composting reaction under high temperature, and the inorganic nitrogen Nino (mainly NH 4 + N) was quickly converted to ammonia release, while the Norg content of organic nitrogen remained the same.Compared with this, the loss of nitrogen could reach 4 days under the condition of medium temperature, accompanied by the conversion of some Norg to NH + 4-N and ammonia , Resulting in increased loss of nitrogen. Ammonia absorption and material balance results table The reduction of Ntot at each temperature is equal to the total amount of nitrogen released by ammonia, indicating that NH4 + -N volatilization to ammonia is the main reason for nitrogen loss during composting.High temperature composting at 60 ℃ can not only accelerate the decomposition of organic matter Composting, improve compost efficiency, but also effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen, improve product efficiency.