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在陕西神木县与内蒙古东胜市交界的饮马泉小流域,选择有代表性的坡面进行地形剖面和土壤层垂直方向的系统采样。每个样品进行了粒级、土壤质量含水量、土壤有机质测试。经数据的分析模拟,得以下结论:①土壤粒级构成和物理性粘粒含量特征,可以指示研究区土壤的沙化程度和演化趋向,其具有向西北更干旱粗化方向过渡的倾向。②土壤水分随地貌部位的变化规律比较明显,在峁坡顶部和上部,垂向上具有自上而下增加的趋势,而在峁坡下部和坡脚却正好相反。不论何种地貌部位都存在一个相近的土壤蒸发、渗漏、持水能力相对的平衡深度。③土壤的物理性粘粒含量与土壤的水肥关系密切,物理性粘粒含量相对高的土壤剖面,土壤的水肥组合效果较好。④土壤水肥质地的组合效果,丘陵顶部的最差,依次过渡到坡脚的组合效果最好。其进一步表明,地貌因素在土壤形成后的一系列熟化、退化、被侵蚀和沙化的演化过程中,地貌仍起着至关重要的作用。
In Yinmaquan watershed at the junction of Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province and Dongsheng City, Inner Mongolia, a representative slope was selected to systematically sample the topography and the vertical direction of the soil layer. Each sample was tested for grain size, soil moisture content, and soil organic matter. After the data analysis and simulation, the following conclusions can be drawn: ① The composition of the soil grain size and the physical clay content can indicate the desertification degree and evolution trend of the soil in the study area. (2) The variation of soil moisture with the geomorphology is obvious, with a tendency of increasing from top to bottom at the top and the top of the slope and the opposite of the slope at the bottom of the slope. No matter what kind of landform there is a similar equilibrium depth of soil evaporation, leakage and water holding capacity. (3) The physical clay content of the soil is closely related to the water and fertilizer of the soil, and the profile of the soil with relatively high content of the physical clay and the effect of the combination of the water and fertilizer are better. ④ combination of soil water and fertilizer texture effect, the worst at the top of hills, followed by the transition to the best combination of slope foot. It further shows that topography still plays a crucial role in the evolution of a series of maturation, degradation, erosion and desertification after soil formation.