Background The role of alprostadil and statins in contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is controversial.The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of combined therapy with alprostadil and statins in protecting renal function and preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing coronary angiography.Methods A total of 156 consecutive patients with mild to moderate renal failure who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in our study,and randomly categorized into two groups.In the statins group,80 patients were treated with statins before and after coronary angiography.in the alprostadil plus statins group,76 patients were treated with statins and alprostadil before and after coronary angiography.Serum creatinine (SCr),serum cystatin (CysC) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were detected after administration of contrast media,and adverse events were evaluated within six months.Results In both groups,the SCr,CysC and NGAL significantly increased after coronary angiography and peaked at 48,24 and 6 hours,respectively.SCr,CysC and NGAL were significantly lower in the alprostadil plus statins group than in the statins group (P＜0.05).The incidence of CIN in the alprostadil plus statins group was slightly lower than in the statins group.The incidence of adverse events within six months in the alprostadil plus statins group was significantly lower than in the statins group (P=0.034).Conclusions Intravenous alprostadil in combination with oral statins is superior to statins alone for protecting renal function in patients with mild to moderate renal dysfunction who undergo coronary angiography,and can reduce the incidence of adverse events seen within six months.