适度人口又称最优人口数量,是指在一定的生产力水平下,能够带来最大社会效益(主要是最大经济效益)的稳定人口。适度人口排斥两种情况:第一,一个国家或地区在一定历史时期,人口没有达到一定数量,从而造成劳动力(生产的主观因素)短缺,因此影响着经济发展。资本主义工业化初期和人烟稀少的偏远地区,就存在这种情况。第二,当经济发展到一定阶段之后,人口数量超过了物质生产条件所能容纳的限度,结果是,人口增加不但不再促进经济发展,反而引起经济效益下降。人本来是生产力中最重要的因素,但数量超过一定限度后,又会过多地转化为消费因素,从而成为生产力发展的障碍。前一种情况是人口数量不足;后一种情况是人口数量过度。适度人口就是介于二者之间的最能促进经济增长的一 Moderate population, also known as the optimal population, refers to a stable population with the greatest social benefits (mainly the greatest economic benefits) at a certain level of productivity. Moderate population exclusion two situations: First, a country or region in a certain historical period, the population did not reach a certain number, resulting in a shortage of labor (subjective factors of production), thus affecting the economic development. This is the case in the early days of capitalist industrialization and sparsely populated remote areas. Second, when the economic development reaches a certain stage, the population exceeds the limit that material production conditions can accommodate. As a result, the increase in population will not only promote economic development but will lead to a decline in economic efficiency. People have always been the most important factor in productivity, but when the quantity exceeds a certain limit, they will be excessively transformed into consumption factors, thus becoming an obstacle to the development of productive forces. The former situation is the lack of population; the latter situation is the overpopulation. Moderate population is the best between the two to promote economic growth