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核仁小RNA(small nucleolar RNA,snoRNA)是一类真核细胞核仁中的60～300个核苷酸长度的非编码RNA,主要参与rRNA和其它小RNA转录后的成熟加工过程.它们与肿瘤的关系曾一度被人们所忽视,然而,近年来有关snoRNA新功能的研究证明,它们与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关.snoRNA以多种方式参与肿瘤的发生:一些snoRNA(如:U50、SNORD12、SNORD12b、SNORD12c、SNORD44和h5sn2等)具有抑癌活性,而另一些snoRNA(如:SNORD33、SNORD66、SNORD76、SNORD112、SNORD113、SNORD114、SNORA42、U70C和ACA59B等)具有促癌活性.另外,编码snoRNA基因的异常也被发现与肿瘤的发生有关.因此,开展snoRNA与肿瘤关系的研究将有可能为肿瘤诊治提供新线索.
Small nucleolar RNA (snRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA of 60-300 nucleotides in eukaryotic nucleolus, which is mainly involved in the maturation process of rRNA and other small RNA after transcription. However, in recent years, studies on new functions of snoRNA have proved that they are closely related to tumorigenesis and development.SnoRNA participates in tumorigenesis in many ways: Some snoRNAs (such as U50, SNORD12, SNORD12b, SNORD12c, SNORD44 and h5sn2, etc.) have antitumor activity while other snoRNAs (such as SNORD33, SNORD66, SNORD76, SNORD112, SNORD113, SNORD114, SNORA42, U70C and ACA59B, etc.) Is also found to be associated with tumorigenesis.Therefore, the study on the relationship between snoRNA and tumor will provide new clues for tumor diagnosis and treatment.