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阐述了纳米颗粒的组分、尺寸、形状和表面电荷等性质与毒性的关系,介绍了纳米颗粒对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的毒性差异,指出了分散介质、暴露方式等毒性试验条件对纳米颗粒细菌毒性的影响,讨论了纳米颗粒对细菌毒性的可能机制,如氧化损伤、破坏细胞壁、作用于蛋白和核酸以及释放出金属离子等。针对目前纳米毒性研究尚处于起步阶段的现状,提出了建立纳米材料的毒性评价方法,加强从分子生物学水平开展对毒性机制的研究等建议。
The relationship between the properties such as composition, size, shape and surface charge of the nanoparticles and their toxicity was described. The differences of the toxicity of the nanoparticles between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were introduced. The toxicity of the dispersion medium and the exposure mode were also pointed out The influence of experimental conditions on the bacterial toxicity of nanoparticles was discussed. Possible mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity to bacteria were discussed, such as oxidative damage, cell wall destruction, action on proteins and nucleic acids and release of metal ions. In view of the current situation of the research on nanotoxicity is still in its infancy, the paper proposed the establishment of toxicological evaluation methods of nanomaterials and strengthened the research on the toxicity mechanism from molecular biology level.