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为探究铁路网络时空压缩效应对城市可达性的影响,基于2009年和2014年铁路列车时刻表数据,结合传统数理统计方法及空间分析方法,对中国地级以上城市可达性及其格局演变进行深入分析。结果表明:(1)铁路客运的数量和类型上均有较大变化,特别是始发列车及动车组的大幅增加及高铁的开通运行,中国城市可达性得到一定程度提升,但城市可达性改善地域差异性显著。(2)北上广三大核心城市在城市可达性等级体系中第一层级地位稳固,交通区位条件的差异使得城市可达性等级体系产生一定变化。(3)中国城市可达性绝对及相对差距均呈现出不断扩大趋势,列车停靠数量的极化效应显著、新增加的高速客运更多地向高等级中心城市集聚,铁路基础设施的建设正在重塑中国生产力格局。(4)从城市功能属性及规模属性视角,以始发列车和停靠列车中位数为临界值,将中国城市划分为高规模高功能、高规模低功能、低规模高功能、低规模低功能等4种类型,并依次分析城市分布特征及成因,为铁路客运的合理配置及交通网络优化布局提供参考。
In order to explore the impact of space-time compression effect on the accessibility of the railway network, based on the data of railway train timetables in 2009 and 2014, combining the traditional mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods, the paper analyzes the accessibility and pattern of cities above prefecture level in China Conduct in-depth analysis. The results show that: (1) There is a great change in the number and types of railway passenger transport. In particular, the dramatic increase in the number of originating trains and EMUs as well as the opening and running of high-speed rail have helped to achieve some degree of urban accessibility in China, Sexual improvement of regional differences significantly. (2) The three core cities of Beigang and Guangxu have a stable status in the first tier in the system of urban accessibility, and the differences in traffic location conditions have caused some changes in the system of urban accessibility. (3) The absolute and relative gap of urban accessibility in China both showed an increasing trend. The polarization effect of the number of train stops was significant. The newly increased high-speed passenger lines gathered more in high-level central cities and the construction of railway infrastructure was under heavy Plastic China’s productive forces pattern. (4) From the perspective of urban functional attributes and scale attributes, taking the median of the originating trains and the suspended trains as the critical values, the Chinese cities are divided into high-scale high-function, high-scale low-function, low-scale high-function, low- And other four types, followed by analysis of urban distribution characteristics and causes for the rational allocation of railway passenger transport network and provide a reference for the optimal layout.