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保护性农业是相对较新的一个概念,它强调了农业的可持续发展。保护性农业的三个重要要素包括少耕或免耕、永久地面覆盖和轮作。从生态学的角度,保护性农业对土壤生态系统的有益效应包括改善土壤系统的化学、物理及生物特性。然而,目前保护性农业在全世界的推广应用范围还很有限,特别是在发展中国家更是如此。在发展中国家,农民主要把秸秆用于煮饭和取暖的燃料,同时还用作家畜饲草。因此,我们面临的主要问题是研究和解决把秸秆用于土壤保护和提高土壤肥力与其它用途的矛盾。本文较系统地评述了世界保护性农业的研究现状、主要进展及展望。还讨论了实行保护性农业中存在的问题及注意事项。
Conservation agriculture is a relatively new concept that emphasizes the sustainable development of agriculture. Three important elements of conservation agriculture include less or no tillage, permanent ground cover and rotation. From an ecological point of view, the beneficial effects of conservation agriculture on soil ecosystems include improving the chemical, physical and biological properties of soil systems. However, at present, the scope of the promotion and application of conservation agriculture in the world is still very limited, especially in developing countries. In developing countries, farmers mainly use straw for cooking and heating fuel, as well as forage for livestock. Therefore, the main problem we face is to study and solve the conflict between using straw for soil protection and improving soil fertility and other uses. This article systematically reviews the research status, main progress and prospects of the world’s conservation agriculture. The problems and precautions in the implementation of conservation agriculture were also discussed.