库切小说《福》中,主人公苏珊一直在追问自己为何没有“实体”以及怎样才能具备“实体”。“实体”是与“主体”存在诸多交集的一个哲学概念。本文提出,库切将苏珊之“实体”问题化的目的在于阐释他自己的主体观,探索何为存在、如何存在的问题,这具体体现在苏珊对“实体”概念的理解嬗变之中。起初,苏珊以为通过书写证明自己的理性思维能力并获得话语权支配者的认可,使自己的“自我意识”获得支配性意识的承认,便可以证明自己的“实体性”存在;但后来她逐渐认识到,承担起对他者的伦理责任才是自我具备实体的必要条件。分析苏珊对“实体”问题的追问有助于我们厘清库切对主体概念的思考轨迹:他虽然对跳出主体-客体相互否定的主体概念范式的困难程度有充分认识,但依然执着坚持对他者负责是自我主体性的根本体现。 In Coetzee’s novel Blessing, Susan, the protagonist, has been asking why he does not have an entity and how to have an entity. “Entity ” is a philosophical concept that has many intersections with “subject ”. This article proposes that Coetzee will put Susan’s “entity ” problem in order to explain his own concept of subjectivity and explore what is and what is the problem. This is embodied in Susan’s concept of “entity Understand the evolution of. At first, Susan thought he could prove his ”entity “ existence through the recognition that his ”self-consciousness “ gained the dominant consciousness by writing to prove his rational thinking ability and gain the approval of the power of discourse Later, however, she came to realize that assuming the ethical responsibility for the other is a necessary condition for self-realization. An analysis of Susan’s questioning of the ”entity" helps us to clarify Coetzee’s thought trajectory of the concept of subject: although he fully understands the difficulty of jumping out of the concept paradigm of subject-object mutual negativity, he still persists Responsible for the other is the fundamental manifestation of self-subjectivity.